GT Engineering performs analyses of Electrical Hazard based on what is required by the Article 80 of D.Lgs 81/08. We consider both the hazard of direct and indirect contacts and the arc flash hazard, using the methodology of NFPA 70E and the IEEE 1584 algorithm.
Is IEC 61439-1 applicable to Industrial Control Panels?
The doubt: in order to CE mark an Industrial Control Panel, shall I follow the prescriptions given by IEC 61439-1?
Contactors used in Safety Applications
There are three types of contactors used in Safety-related control Systems:
What has to be bonded, according to the NEC?
THE DOUBT: What is the rule to be followed in order to decide what has to be connected to a PE cable? What shall be Grounded and what shall be Bonded? We c...
Bonding, Earthing and Grounding, what is the difference?
THE DOUBT: What is the difference between Bonding, Earthing and Grounding? Is the motor frame grounded or bonded?
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Is the simbology defined by IEC 81346-2 compulsory?
IEC 81346-2 Standard: compulsory symbology and codes?
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Seven reasons to Bond or Earth a metallic part
THE DOUBT: Why a metal part has to be connected to a PE (Protection Earth) cable?
CONSIDERATIONS:
There are 7 reasons why a piece of metal has to be bond...
Exposed Conductive part and grounding
THE DOUBT
In the design of the electrical system, how can I distinguish which of the metal parts is an exposed conductive part? Is bonding all meta...
EN 60204-1: Is it possible to delegate safety aspects to the users?
THE DOUBT
Can the machinery manufacturer require the user to install a Fuse or a Circuit Breaker to protect its Electrical Equipment? Can he require th...
Is it permissible to install the switch disconnector on the door of an industrial control panel?
THE DOUBT
When analysing switchboards, we sometimes notice that the main disconnector-switch is installed directly on the door of the switchboard, instead of o...
Circuit breakers
Circuit breakers are meant to protect the circuit from overcurrents, which can be divided in two categories:
overload, i.e. a current that settles in...
Use of type B Residual Current Device
There is often confusion as to whether or not type B residual current devices are required to protect lines in which variable speed drives are used to control a...
Industrial control panels and the door Interlock
Is an enclosure interlocking required for industrial control panels? That is a strongly debated topic and not yet fully understood: let's cle...
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