{"id":50899,"date":"2026-01-30T15:09:26","date_gmt":"2026-01-30T14:09:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/?post_type=pubblicazione&#038;p=50899"},"modified":"2026-03-30T08:32:03","modified_gmt":"2026-03-30T07:32:03","slug":"pt-13-securite-fonctionnelle-en-mode-de-forte-demande-iec-62061-et-les-architectures","status":"publish","type":"pubblicazione","link":"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/fr\/publications\/approfondissements-articles-tuttomisure\/pt-13-securite-fonctionnelle-en-mode-de-forte-demande-iec-62061-et-les-architectures\/","title":{"rendered":"P13: S\u00e9curit\u00e9 fonctionnelle en mode de forte demande: IEC 62061 et les Architectures"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n    \n        <section\n            data-name=\"Contenuto testuale con immagine\"\n            class=\"bow-gte-testo-media u-spacer-base\"\n            id=\"\"\n        >\n            \n<div class=\"o-text-media px-side-spacer sm:px-side-spacer-sm lg:px-side-spacer-tablet 2xl:px-side-spacer-desktop flex flex-wrap items-start md:block\">\n\n    \n                    <div class=\"mb-6 relative w-full md:mb-4 lg:mb-8 xl:mb-9\">\n                \n        <div                class=\"m-headings\"\n            >\n    \n    \n<h2 class=\"a-heading text-primary font-heading text-2xl lg:text-3xl xl:text-4xl font-normal mt-2 first:mt-0\">\n                    R\u00e9sum\u00e9    <\/h2>\n        <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n        \n        \n                    <div class=\"relative w-full\">\n                \n<div class=\"a-text font-text text-base normal mt-8 first:mt-0 space-y-4\">\n    <p>Cet article fait partie d\u2019une s\u00e9rie d\u2019articles consacr\u00e9s \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 fonctionnelle des machines. Nous avons r\u00e9cemment pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 l\u2019une des deux normes utilis\u00e9es pour la conception des syst\u00e8mes de commande li\u00e9s \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en mode de forte sollicitation (High Demand) : l\u2019ISO 13849-1. Nous pr\u00e9sentons maintenant les aspects cl\u00e9s de la norme IEC 62061.<\/p>\n<p>Dans cet article, nous d\u00e9taillerons les architectures A et B.<\/p>\n<p><strong>L\u2019architecture A<\/strong> repr\u00e9sente un syst\u00e8me de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e0 canal unique, sans diagnostic : par exemple, un dispositif de verrouillage sur la porte d\u2019une cellule robotis\u00e9e, connect\u00e9 \u00e0 un solveur logique par deux fils (un contact libre de potentiel).<\/p>\n<p><strong>L\u2019architecture B<\/strong>, \u00e0 double canal sans diagnostic, est telle qu\u2019une d\u00e9faillance unique de n\u2019importe quel \u00e9l\u00e9ment d\u2019un sous-syst\u00e8me n\u2019entra\u00eene pas la perte de la fonction de s\u00e9curit\u00e9. Cette architecture correspond \u00e0 une tol\u00e9rance aux d\u00e9faillances mat\u00e9rielles (Hardware Fault Tolerance) de 1. Il s\u2019agit d\u2019une architecture qui n\u2019est pas mod\u00e9lis\u00e9e dans l\u2019ISO 13849-1, car elle est rarement utilis\u00e9e ; en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, lorsqu\u2019un canal redondant est mis en \u0153uvre (par exemple deux contacteurs en s\u00e9rie pour arr\u00eater un moteur), un diagnostic est pr\u00e9vu, notamment la surveillance de l\u2019\u00e9tat des contacteurs.<\/p>\n<\/div>            <\/div>\n        \n        \n                <div class=\"clear-both\"><\/div>\n        \n\n    <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n\n    \n\n\n\n\n    \n        <section\n            data-name=\"Contenuto testuale con immagine\"\n            class=\"bow-gte-testo-media u-spacer-base\"\n            id=\"\"\n        >\n            \n<div class=\"o-text-media px-side-spacer sm:px-side-spacer-sm lg:px-side-spacer-tablet 2xl:px-side-spacer-desktop flex flex-wrap items-start md:block\">\n\n    \n                    <div class=\"mb-6 relative w-full md:mb-4 lg:mb-8 xl:mb-9\">\n                \n        <div                class=\"m-headings\"\n            >\n    \n    \n<h2 class=\"a-heading text-primary font-heading text-2xl lg:text-3xl xl:text-4xl font-normal mt-2 first:mt-0\">\n                    Qu\u2019est-ce que la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 fonctionnelle ?    <\/h2>\n        <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n        \n        \n                    <div class=\"relative w-full\">\n                \n<div class=\"a-text font-text text-base normal mt-8 first:mt-0 space-y-4\">\n    <p>Vous entrez dans le domaine de la <strong>S\u00e9curit\u00e9 Fonctionnelle<\/strong> chaque fois que vous utilisez un <strong>syst\u00e8me d\u2019automatisation pour r\u00e9duire les risques<\/strong> associ\u00e9s aux machines ou aux proc\u00e9d\u00e9s industriels. La r\u00e9duction du risque est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement obtenue en supprimant ou en ma\u00eetrisant les sources d\u2019\u00e9nergie. Ces \u00e9nergies peuvent \u00eatre \u00e9lectriques (par exemple un moteur entra\u00eenant un mouvement dangereux), pneumatiques, hydrauliques ou m\u00eame li\u00e9es au proc\u00e9d\u00e9, comme le gaz m\u00e9thane alimentant un br\u00fbleur ou une pompe augmentant la pression dans une cuve.<\/p>\n<p>Chaque fois que vous d\u00e9terminez que la r\u00e9duction du risque n\u00e9cessite, par exemple, un capteur de pression qui d\u00e9clenche la fermeture d\u2019une vanne en cas de pression excessivement \u00e9lev\u00e9e, vous op\u00e9rez dans le champ de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 fonctionnelle. Le principal d\u00e9fi r\u00e9side dans le fait que tout composant du syst\u00e8me dit instrument\u00e9 de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 (Safety Instrumented System \u2013 SIS), y compris les capteurs, les solveurs logiques ou les \u00e9l\u00e9ments finaux, peut lui-m\u00eame tomber en panne.<\/p>\n<p>Les composants tombent en panne pour deux raisons:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ils tombent en panne parce qu\u2019ils ne sont pas correctement con\u00e7us, fabriqu\u00e9s, install\u00e9s, utilis\u00e9s ou soumis \u00e0 une maintenance ad\u00e9quate.<br \/>\nSi l\u2019on prend l\u2019exemple des pneus de voiture, si l\u2019on utilise une voiture avec des pneus mal gonfl\u00e9s, ils sont susceptibles de tomber en panne plus rapidement que la normale. Il s\u2019agit de <strong>D\u00e9faillances Syst\u00e9matiques<\/strong> : ce sont des d\u00e9faillances dues \u00e0 des erreurs dans la conception, la fabrication, l\u2019installation ou la maintenance du composant. Les d\u00e9faillances syst\u00e9matiques sont difficiles \u00e0 estimer et ne peuvent \u00eatre r\u00e9duites qu\u2019en s\u2019assurant que l\u2019ensemble du processus, depuis la conception du composant jusqu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019utilisation et la maintenance du produit, est r\u00e9alis\u00e9 correctement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>C\u2019est la raison de l\u2019importance de concepts tels que la capacit\u00e9 syst\u00e9matique (Systematic Capability) ou l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 syst\u00e9matique de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des composants, ou des syst\u00e8mes de commande li\u00e9s \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Les normes ISO 13849-1 et IEC 62061 d\u00e9finissent toutes deux de bonnes pratiques d\u2019ing\u00e9nierie \u00e0 suivre afin de r\u00e9duire la probabilit\u00e9 de d\u00e9faillances syst\u00e9matiques : elles sont appel\u00e9es <strong>principes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de base et \u00e9prouv\u00e9s<\/strong> (Basic and Well-tried Safety Principles).<\/p>\n<p>En outre, les deux normes exigent l\u2019\u00e9tablissement d\u2019un <strong>Plan de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 Fonctionnelle<\/strong>. On peut se r\u00e9f\u00e9rer \u00e0 l\u2019annexe I de l\u2019IEC 62061 ou \u00e0 l\u2019annexe G de l\u2019ISO 13849-1.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>M\u00eame si l\u2019ensemble du processus (de la conception \u00e0 la maintenance) est r\u00e9alis\u00e9 conform\u00e9ment aux r\u00e8gles et proc\u00e9dures appropri\u00e9es, au cours de leur dur\u00e9e de vie, les composants sont soumis \u00e0 des d\u00e9faillances al\u00e9atoires.<br \/>\nCe sont des d\u00e9faillances qui peuvent \u00eatre estim\u00e9es statistiquement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>La premi\u00e8re \u00e9dition de l\u2019IEC 62061 a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9e en 2005. Vers 2010, un groupe de travail a \u00e9t\u00e9 constitu\u00e9 avec pour mission de d\u00e9velopper une norme unifi\u00e9e pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 fonctionnelle des machines, d\u00e9sign\u00e9e ISO\/IEC 17305. Cette nouvelle norme \u00e9tait destin\u00e9e \u00e0 combiner l\u2019ISO 13849-1 et l\u2019IEC 62061 en un seul document. Malheureusement, ce projet n\u2019a jamais abouti.<\/p>\n<p>Lorsque l\u2019\u00e9quipe de maintenance IEC 62061 (MT 62061) s\u2019est r\u00e9unie pour la premi\u00e8re fois, elle a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 d\u2019utiliser les r\u00e9sultats de ces travaux ant\u00e9rieurs comme base pour la nouvelle \u00e9dition. C\u2019est l\u2019une des raisons pour lesquelles l\u2019IEC 62061 r\u00e9vis\u00e9e est plus \u00e9troitement align\u00e9e, dans son approche, avec l\u2019ISO 13849-1 : l\u2019\u00e9quipe a cherch\u00e9 \u00e0 trouver un \u00e9quilibre entre la m\u00e9thodologie syst\u00e9matique de l\u2019IEC 61508 et le cadre pragmatique de l\u2019ISO 13849-1.<\/p>\n<\/div>            <\/div>\n        \n        \n                <div class=\"clear-both\"><\/div>\n        \n\n    <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n\n    \n\n\n\n\n    \n        <section\n            data-name=\"Contenuto testuale con immagine\"\n            class=\"bow-gte-testo-media u-spacer-base\"\n            id=\"\"\n        >\n            \n<div class=\"o-text-media px-side-spacer sm:px-side-spacer-sm lg:px-side-spacer-tablet 2xl:px-side-spacer-desktop flex flex-wrap items-start md:block\">\n\n    \n                    <div class=\"mb-6 relative w-full md:mb-4 lg:mb-8 xl:mb-9\">\n                \n        <div                class=\"m-headings\"\n            >\n    \n    \n<h2 class=\"a-heading text-primary font-heading text-2xl lg:text-3xl xl:text-4xl font-normal mt-2 first:mt-0\">\n                    Syst\u00e8mes r\u00e9parables et non r\u00e9parables    <\/h2>\n        <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n        \n        \n                    <div class=\"relative w-full\">\n                \n<div class=\"a-text font-text text-base normal mt-8 first:mt-0 space-y-4\">\n    <p>Plusieurs techniques de fiabilit\u00e9 peuvent \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9es directement pour \u00e9valuer la probabilit\u00e9 de d\u00e9faillance des sous-syst\u00e8mes li\u00e9s \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, notamment les Diagrammes de Blocs de Fiabilit\u00e9 (<strong>Reliability Block Diagrams<\/strong>) et les cha\u00eenes de Markov. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9dition de l\u2019IEC 62061 a adopt\u00e9 les diagrammes de blocs de fiabilit\u00e9 et a consid\u00e9r\u00e9 les sous-syst\u00e8mes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 comme non r\u00e9parables.<\/p>\n<p>Dans la nouvelle \u00e9dition de l\u2019IEC 62061, la formule de l\u2019architecture de sous-syst\u00e8me de base C est d\u00e9riv\u00e9e d\u2019un <strong>mod\u00e8le d\u2019\u00e9tats de Markov<\/strong>, qui suppose que le syst\u00e8me est r\u00e9parable. Les formules des autres architectures restent inchang\u00e9es par rapport \u00e0 la premi\u00e8re \u00e9dition.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019architecture C sera abord\u00e9e en d\u00e9tail dans le prochain num\u00e9ro de <em>TUTTOMISURE<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div>            <\/div>\n        \n        \n                <div class=\"clear-both\"><\/div>\n        \n\n    <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n\n    \n\n\n\n\n    \n        <section\n            data-name=\"Contenuto testuale con immagine\"\n            class=\"bow-gte-testo-media u-spacer-base\"\n            id=\"\"\n        >\n            \n<div class=\"o-text-media px-side-spacer sm:px-side-spacer-sm lg:px-side-spacer-tablet 2xl:px-side-spacer-desktop flex flex-wrap items-start md:block\">\n\n    \n                    <div class=\"mb-6 relative w-full md:mb-4 lg:mb-8 xl:mb-9\">\n                \n        <div                class=\"m-headings\"\n            >\n    \n    \n<h2 class=\"a-heading text-primary font-heading text-2xl lg:text-3xl xl:text-4xl font-normal mt-2 first:mt-0\">\n                    Architecture de sous-syst\u00e8me de base A : 1oo1    <\/h2>\n        <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n        \n                    <div\n                class=\"h-auto mb-6 md:mb-4 lg:mb-8 xl:mb-9  float-right ml-6 md:ml-4 lg:ml-8 xl:ml-9 overflow-hidden shadow-content-image w-full md:w-1\/2\"\n            >\n                \r\n\r\n    \r\n        \r\n            \r\n                \r\n                    <picture\r\n                        class=\"\"\r\n                                            >\r\n                                                                                                        <source\r\n                                media=\"(max-width: 150px)\"\r\n                                width=\"150\"\r\n                                height=\"150\"\r\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Immagine-FRA-1-150x150.png\"\r\n                                type=\"image\/png\"\r\n                            \/>\r\n                                                                                <source\r\n                                media=\"(max-width: 300px)\"\r\n                                width=\"300\"\r\n                                height=\"113\"\r\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Immagine-FRA-1-300x113.png\"\r\n                                type=\"image\/png\"\r\n                            \/>\r\n                                                                                <source\r\n                                media=\"(max-width: 768px)\"\r\n                                width=\"768\"\r\n                                height=\"290\"\r\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Immagine-FRA-1-768x290.png\"\r\n                                type=\"image\/png\"\r\n                            \/>\r\n                                                                                <source\r\n                                media=\"(max-width: 853px)\"\r\n                                width=\"853\"\r\n                                height=\"322\"\r\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Immagine-FRA-1.png\"\r\n                                type=\"image\/png\"\r\n                            \/>\r\n                                                                            <img\r\n                            class=\"a-image transparent border-image h-auto  w-full\"\r\n                                                        srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Immagine-FRA-1.png\"\r\n                                                        title=\"Immagine FRA\"\r\n                                                        type=\"image\/png\"\r\n                        \/>\r\n                    <\/picture>\r\n\r\n                \r\n\r\n                    \r\n    \r\n            <\/div>\n        \n                    <div class=\"relative w-full\">\n                \n<div class=\"a-text font-text text-base normal mt-8 first:mt-0 space-y-4\">\n    <p>Dans cette architecture, \u00e0 canal unique et sans diagnostic, toute d\u00e9faillance dangereuse d\u2019un \u00e9l\u00e9ment du sous-syst\u00e8me entra\u00eene une d\u00e9faillance de la fonction de s\u00e9curit\u00e9. Cette architecture correspond \u00e0 une tol\u00e9rance aux d\u00e9faillances mat\u00e9rielles (Hardware Fault Tolerance) de 0.<\/p>\n<p>En mode de fonctionnement \u00e0 forte sollicitation ou en mode continu, l\u2019architecture A ne doit pas s\u2019appuyer sur un intervalle d\u2019essai p\u00e9riodique (Proof Test) plus court que la dur\u00e9e de vie (Mission Time).<\/p>\n<\/div>            <\/div>\n        \n        \n                <div class=\"clear-both\"><\/div>\n        \n\n    <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n\n    \n\n\n\n\n    \n        \n    \n\n\n\n\n    \n        <section\n            data-name=\"Contenuto testuale con immagine\"\n            class=\"bow-gte-testo-media u-spacer-base\"\n            id=\"\"\n        >\n            \n<div class=\"o-text-media px-side-spacer sm:px-side-spacer-sm lg:px-side-spacer-tablet 2xl:px-side-spacer-desktop flex flex-wrap items-start md:block\">\n\n    \n        \n        \n                    <div class=\"relative w-full\">\n                \n<div class=\"a-text font-text text-base normal mt-8 first:mt-0 space-y-4\">\n    <p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>Implications des contraintes architecturales dans l\u2019architecture de base d\u2019un sous-syst\u00e8me A<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>En consid\u00e9rant le tableau 1, avec HFT = 0, un niveau jusqu\u2019\u00e0 SIL 3 peut \u00eatre atteint. Cela peut \u00eatre valable pour des composants \u00e9lectroniques. Toutefois, pour les composants \u00e9lectrom\u00e9caniques, \u00e9tant g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement caract\u00e9ris\u00e9s par SFF = DC = 0, un <strong>niveau maximal de SIL 1 peut \u00eatre atteint, <\/strong>m\u00eame si la formule conduit \u00e0 une PFH plus faible, \u00e0 condition que des composants \u00e9prouv\u00e9s (\u00ab well-tried \u00bb) soient utilis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 284px;\" width=\"582\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"113\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Safe Failure Fraction (SFF)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" colspan=\"3\" width=\"369\"><strong>Hardware fault tolerance (HFT)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"255\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"57\"><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"57\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>2<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"113\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">SFF &lt; 60 %<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"255\"><strong>SIL 1<\/strong> if well-tried components are used<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"57\">SIL 1<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"57\">SIL 2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"113\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">60 % \u2264 SFF &lt; 90 %<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"255\">SIL 1<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"57\">SIL 2<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"57\">SIL 3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"113\">90 % \u2264 SFF &lt; 99 %<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"255\">SIL 2<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"57\">SIL 3<\/td>\n<td width=\"57\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">SIL 3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"113\">SFF \u2265 99 %<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"255\">SIL 3<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"57\">SIL 3<\/td>\n<td width=\"57\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">SIL 3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\">Tableau 1 : Contraintes architecturales pour un sous-syst\u00e8me \u00e9lectrom\u00e9canique<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>            <\/div>\n        \n        \n                <div class=\"clear-both\"><\/div>\n        \n\n    <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n\n    \n\n\n\n\n    \n        <section\n            data-name=\"Contenuto testuale con immagine\"\n            class=\"bow-gte-testo-media u-spacer-base\"\n            id=\"\"\n        >\n            \n<div class=\"o-text-media px-side-spacer sm:px-side-spacer-sm lg:px-side-spacer-tablet 2xl:px-side-spacer-desktop flex flex-wrap items-start md:block\">\n\n    \n        \n                    <div\n                class=\"h-auto mb-6 md:mb-4 lg:mb-8 xl:mb-9  float-right ml-6 md:ml-4 lg:ml-8 xl:ml-9 overflow-hidden shadow-content-image w-full md:w-1\/4\"\n            >\n                \r\n\r\n    \r\n        \r\n            \r\n                \r\n                    <picture\r\n                        class=\"\"\r\n                                            >\r\n                                                                                                        <source\r\n                                media=\"(max-width: 150px)\"\r\n                                width=\"150\"\r\n                                height=\"150\"\r\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Immagine-FRA-2-e1769782280572-150x150.png\"\r\n                                type=\"image\/png\"\r\n                            \/>\r\n                                                                                <source\r\n                                media=\"(max-width: 242px)\"\r\n                                width=\"242\"\r\n                                height=\"300\"\r\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Immagine-FRA-2-e1769782280572-242x300.png\"\r\n                                type=\"image\/png\"\r\n                            \/>\r\n                                                                                <source\r\n                                media=\"(max-width: 318px)\"\r\n                                width=\"318\"\r\n                                height=\"394\"\r\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Immagine-FRA-2-e1769782280572.png\"\r\n                                type=\"image\/png\"\r\n                            \/>\r\n                                                                                <source\r\n                                media=\"(max-width: 318px)\"\r\n                                width=\"318\"\r\n                                height=\"394\"\r\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Immagine-FRA-2-e1769782280572.png\"\r\n                                type=\"image\/png\"\r\n                            \/>\r\n                                                                            <img\r\n                            class=\"a-image transparent border-image h-auto  w-full\"\r\n                                                        srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Immagine-FRA-2-e1769782280572.png\"\r\n                                                        title=\"Immagine FRA 2\"\r\n                                                        type=\"image\/png\"\r\n                        \/>\r\n                    <\/picture>\r\n\r\n                \r\n\r\n                    \r\n    \r\n            <\/div>\n        \n                    <div class=\"relative w-full\">\n                \n<div class=\"a-text font-text text-base normal mt-8 first:mt-0 space-y-4\">\n    <p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>Exemple d\u2019une Architecture de base de Sous-syst\u00e8me A<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Consid\u00e9rons le sous-syst\u00e8me d\u2019entr\u00e9e pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 \u00e0 la Figure 2.<\/p>\n<p>Le dispositif d\u2019interverrouillage a un \u00a0B<sub>10D<\/sub> = 20\u00b710<sup>6<\/sup> et il est suppos\u00e9 s\u2019ouvrir <strong>deux fois par heure<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Des principes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de base et \u00e9prouv\u00e9s doivent \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9s. De plus, des composants \u00e9prouv\u00e9s sont utilis\u00e9s. Le CCF n\u2019est pas significatif.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Concentrons-nous maintenant sur la <strong>probabilit\u00e9 de d\u00e9faillances al\u00e9atoires<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape consiste \u00e0 calculer le \u03bbD. Nous supposons que la machine fonctionne 240 jours par an et huit heures par jour.<\/p>\n<\/div>            <\/div>\n        \n        \n                <div class=\"clear-both\"><\/div>\n        \n\n    <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n\n    \n\n\n\n\n    \n        <section\n            data-name=\"Contenuto testuale con immagine\"\n            class=\"bow-gte-testo-media u-spacer-base\"\n            id=\"\"\n        >\n            \n<div class=\"o-text-media px-side-spacer sm:px-side-spacer-sm lg:px-side-spacer-tablet 2xl:px-side-spacer-desktop flex flex-wrap items-start md:block\">\n\n    \n        \n                    <div\n                class=\"h-auto mb-6 md:mb-4 lg:mb-8 xl:mb-9  float-right ml-6 md:ml-4 lg:ml-8 xl:ml-9 overflow-hidden shadow-content-image w-full md:w-3\/4\"\n            >\n                \r\n\r\n    \r\n        \r\n            \r\n                \r\n                    <picture\r\n                        class=\"\"\r\n                                            >\r\n                                                                                                        <source\r\n                                media=\"(max-width: 150px)\"\r\n                                width=\"150\"\r\n                                height=\"150\"\r\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/immagine-4-150x150.png.webp\"\r\n                                type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                            \/>\r\n                                                                                <source\r\n                                media=\"(max-width: 300px)\"\r\n                                width=\"300\"\r\n                                height=\"67\"\r\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/immagine-4-300x67.png.webp\"\r\n                                type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                            \/>\r\n                                                                                <source\r\n                                media=\"(max-width: 768px)\"\r\n                                width=\"768\"\r\n                                height=\"171\"\r\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/immagine-4-768x171.png.webp\"\r\n                                type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                            \/>\r\n                                                                                <source\r\n                                media=\"(max-width: 1024px)\"\r\n                                width=\"1024\"\r\n                                height=\"228\"\r\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/immagine-4-1024x228.png.webp\"\r\n                                type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                            \/>\r\n                                                                            <img\r\n                            class=\"a-image transparent border-image h-auto  w-full\"\r\n                                                        srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/immagine-4.png.webp\"\r\n                                                        title=\"immagine 4\"\r\n                                                        type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                        \/>\r\n                    <\/picture>\r\n\r\n                \r\n\r\n                    \r\n    \r\n            <\/div>\n        \n                    <div class=\"relative w-full\">\n                \n<div class=\"a-text font-text text-base normal mt-8 first:mt-0 space-y-4\">\n    <ul>\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>            <\/div>\n        \n        \n                <div class=\"clear-both\"><\/div>\n        \n\n    <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n\n    \n\n\n\n\n    \n        <section\n            data-name=\"Contenuto testuale con immagine\"\n            class=\"bow-gte-testo-media u-spacer-base\"\n            id=\"\"\n        >\n            \n<div class=\"o-text-media px-side-spacer sm:px-side-spacer-sm lg:px-side-spacer-tablet 2xl:px-side-spacer-desktop flex flex-wrap items-start md:block\">\n\n    \n        \n        \n                    <div class=\"relative w-full\">\n                \n<div class=\"a-text font-text text-base normal mt-8 first:mt-0 space-y-4\">\n    <p>\u00c9tant donn\u00e9 qu\u2019il s\u2019agit d\u2019une architecture de sous-syst\u00e8me A, il n\u2019y a pas de diagnostic, ce qui signifie que nous supposons SFF = DC &lt; 60%.<\/p>\n<p>Malgr\u00e9 le fait que la PFH soit tr\u00e8s faible, le fait que le SFF &lt; 60 % et HFT = 0, fait que le niveau SIL est limit\u00e9 \u00e0 SIL 1 par les Contraintes Architecturales.<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 264px;\" width=\"562\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"113\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Safe Failure Fraction (SFF)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" colspan=\"3\" width=\"284\"><strong>Hardware fault tolerance (HFT)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"95\"><strong>0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"94\"><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"95\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>2<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"113\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">SFF &lt; 60 %<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"95\"><strong><u>SIL 1<\/u><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"94\">SIL 1<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"95\">SIL 2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"113\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">60 % \u2264 SFF &lt; 90 %<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"95\">SIL 1<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"94\">SIL 2<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"95\">SIL 3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"113\">90 %\u2264 SFF &lt; 99 %<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"95\">SIL 2<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"94\">SIL 3<\/td>\n<td width=\"95\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">SIL 3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"113\">SFF \u2265 99 %<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"95\">SIL 3<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"94\">SIL 3<\/td>\n<td width=\"95\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">SIL 3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\">Tableau 2 : le SIL 1 est le niveau SIL maximal atteignable<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Par cons\u00e9quent, le sous-syst\u00e8me de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 atteint le<strong> SIL 1<\/strong> et pr\u00e9sente une \u00a0<strong>PFH = 2,19\u221910-9 1\/<em>h <\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>            <\/div>\n        \n        \n                <div class=\"clear-both\"><\/div>\n        \n\n    <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n\n    \n\n\n\n\n    \n        <section\n            data-name=\"Contenuto testuale con immagine\"\n            class=\"bow-gte-testo-media u-spacer-base\"\n            id=\"\"\n        >\n            \n<div class=\"o-text-media px-side-spacer sm:px-side-spacer-sm lg:px-side-spacer-tablet 2xl:px-side-spacer-desktop flex flex-wrap items-start md:block\">\n\n    \n                    <div class=\"mb-6 relative w-full md:mb-4 lg:mb-8 xl:mb-9\">\n                \n        <div                class=\"m-headings\"\n            >\n    \n    \n<h2 class=\"a-heading text-primary font-heading text-2xl lg:text-3xl xl:text-4xl font-normal mt-2 first:mt-0\">\n                    Architecture de base de sous-syst\u00e8me B : 1oo2    <\/h2>\n        <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n        \n                    <div\n                class=\"h-auto mb-6 md:mb-4 lg:mb-8 xl:mb-9  float-right ml-6 md:ml-4 lg:ml-8 xl:ml-9 overflow-hidden shadow-content-image w-full md:w-1\/2\"\n            >\n                \r\n\r\n    \r\n        \r\n            \r\n                \r\n                    <picture\r\n                        class=\"\"\r\n                                            >\r\n                                                                                                        <source\r\n                                media=\"(max-width: 150px)\"\r\n                                width=\"150\"\r\n                                height=\"150\"\r\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Immagine-3-FRA-150x150.png.webp\"\r\n                                type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                            \/>\r\n                                                                                <source\r\n                                media=\"(max-width: 300px)\"\r\n                                width=\"300\"\r\n                                height=\"129\"\r\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Immagine-3-FRA-300x129.png.webp\"\r\n                                type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                            \/>\r\n                                                                                <source\r\n                                media=\"(max-width: 768px)\"\r\n                                width=\"768\"\r\n                                height=\"330\"\r\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Immagine-3-FRA-768x330.png.webp\"\r\n                                type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                            \/>\r\n                                                                                <source\r\n                                media=\"(max-width: 991px)\"\r\n                                width=\"991\"\r\n                                height=\"426\"\r\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Immagine-3-FRA.png.webp\"\r\n                                type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                            \/>\r\n                                                                            <img\r\n                            class=\"a-image transparent border-image h-auto  w-full\"\r\n                                                        srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Immagine-3-FRA.png.webp\"\r\n                                                        title=\"Immagine 3 FRA\"\r\n                                                        type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                        \/>\r\n                    <\/picture>\r\n\r\n                \r\n\r\n                    \r\n    \r\n            <\/div>\n        \n                    <div class=\"relative w-full\">\n                \n<div class=\"a-text font-text text-base normal mt-8 first:mt-0 space-y-4\">\n    <p>Cette architecture, \u00e0 double canal sans diagnostic, est telle qu\u2019une d\u00e9faillance unique de n\u2019importe quel \u00e9l\u00e9ment du sous-syst\u00e8me n\u2019entra\u00eene pas la perte de la fonction de s\u00e9curit\u00e9. Cette architecture correspond \u00e0 une tol\u00e9rance aux d\u00e9faillances mat\u00e9rielles (HFT) de 1.<\/p>\n<\/div>            <\/div>\n        \n        \n                <div class=\"clear-both\"><\/div>\n        \n\n    <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n\n    \n\n\n\n\n    \n        <section\n            data-name=\"Contenuto testuale con immagine\"\n            class=\"bow-gte-testo-media u-spacer-base\"\n            id=\"\"\n        >\n            \n<div class=\"o-text-media px-side-spacer sm:px-side-spacer-sm lg:px-side-spacer-tablet 2xl:px-side-spacer-desktop flex flex-wrap items-start md:block\">\n\n    \n        \n                    <div\n                class=\"h-auto mb-6 md:mb-4 lg:mb-8 xl:mb-9  float-right ml-6 md:ml-4 lg:ml-8 xl:ml-9 overflow-hidden shadow-content-image w-full md:w-1\/2\"\n            >\n                \r\n\r\n    \r\n        \r\n            \r\n                \r\n                    <picture\r\n                        class=\"\"\r\n                                            >\r\n                                                                                                        <source\r\n                                media=\"(max-width: 150px)\"\r\n                                width=\"150\"\r\n                                height=\"138\"\r\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Immagine-6-150x138.png.webp\"\r\n                                type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                            \/>\r\n                                                                                <source\r\n                                media=\"(max-width: 300px)\"\r\n                                width=\"300\"\r\n                                height=\"40\"\r\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Immagine-6-300x40.png.webp\"\r\n                                type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                            \/>\r\n                                                                                <source\r\n                                media=\"(max-width: 768px)\"\r\n                                width=\"768\"\r\n                                height=\"103\"\r\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Immagine-6-768x103.png.webp\"\r\n                                type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                            \/>\r\n                                                                                <source\r\n                                media=\"(max-width: 1024px)\"\r\n                                width=\"1024\"\r\n                                height=\"137\"\r\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Immagine-6-1024x137.png.webp\"\r\n                                type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                            \/>\r\n                                                                            <img\r\n                            class=\"a-image transparent border-image h-auto  w-full\"\r\n                                                        srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Immagine-6.png.webp\"\r\n                                                        title=\"Immagine 6\"\r\n                                                        type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                        \/>\r\n                    <\/picture>\r\n\r\n                \r\n\r\n                    \r\n    \r\n            <\/div>\n        \n                    <div class=\"relative w-full\">\n                \n<div class=\"a-text font-text text-base normal mt-8 first:mt-0 space-y-4\">\n    <p><strong>Cette architecture n\u2019a pas d\u2019\u00e9quivalent dans la norme<\/strong><strong> ISO 13849-1. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Pour l\u2019architecture B, la PFH du sous-syst\u00e8me est donn\u00e9e par la formule suivante:<\/p>\n<\/div>            <\/div>\n        \n        \n                <div class=\"clear-both\"><\/div>\n        \n\n    <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n\n    \n\n\n\n\n    \n        <section\n            data-name=\"Contenuto testuale con immagine\"\n            class=\"bow-gte-testo-media u-spacer-base\"\n            id=\"\"\n        >\n            \n<div class=\"o-text-media px-side-spacer sm:px-side-spacer-sm lg:px-side-spacer-tablet 2xl:px-side-spacer-desktop flex flex-wrap items-start md:block\">\n\n    \n        \n        \n                    <div class=\"relative w-full\">\n                \n<div class=\"a-text font-text text-base normal mt-8 first:mt-0 space-y-4\">\n    <p>O\u00f9 :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T<sub>1<\/sub><\/strong> est l\u2019intervalle du test p\u00e9riodique (Proof Test) parfait ou la dur\u00e9e de vie utile, selon la plus petite des deux; la dur\u00e9e de <strong>vie utile<\/strong> est le minimum entre T<sub>10D<\/sub> et le temps de mission du sous-syst\u00e8me;<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u03b2<\/strong> est la susceptibilit\u00e9 aux d\u00e9faillances de cause commune (CCF)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>Implications des contraintes architecturales dans l\u2019architecture de base du sous-syst\u00e8me B<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>En consid\u00e9rant le tableau 3 relatif aux contraintes architecturales, avec HFT = 1, un niveau jusqu\u2019\u00e0 SIL 3 peut \u00eatre atteint. Cela peut \u00eatre valable pour des composants \u00e9lectroniques<strong>. Toutefois<\/strong>, pour des composants \u00e9lectrom\u00e9caniques, \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que SFF = DC = 0, un <strong>niveau maximal<\/strong> de <strong>SIL 1<\/strong> peut \u00eatre atteint, m\u00eame si la formule conduit \u00e0 une PFH plus faible.<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 296px;\" width=\"625\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"113\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Safe Failure Fraction (SFF)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" colspan=\"3\" width=\"369\"><strong>Hardware fault tolerance (HFT)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"123\"><strong>0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"132\"><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"113\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>2<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"113\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">SFF &lt; 60 %<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"123\"><strong>SIL 1<\/strong> if well-tried components are used<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"132\">SIL 1<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"113\">SIL 2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"113\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">60 % \u2264 SFF &lt; 90 %<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"123\">SIL 1<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"132\">SIL 2<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"113\">SIL 3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"113\">90 % \u2264 SFF &lt; 99 %<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"123\">SIL 2<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"132\">SIL 3<\/td>\n<td width=\"113\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">SIL 3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"113\">SFF \u2265 99 %<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"123\">SIL 3<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"132\">SIL 3<\/td>\n<td width=\"113\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">SIL 3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\">Tableau 3 : Contraintes architecturales applicables \u00e0 un sous-syst\u00e8me: niveau SIL Maximal pouvant \u00eatre revendiqu\u00e9 pour un SCS<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Dans le cas d\u2019une architecture de sous-syst\u00e8me de base B et avec un SFF &lt; 60 %, il n\u2019est pas n\u00e9cessaire d\u2019utiliser des composants \u00e9prouv\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>            <\/div>\n        \n        \n                <div class=\"clear-both\"><\/div>\n        \n\n    <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n\n    \n\n\n\n\n    \n        <section\n            data-name=\"Contenuto testuale con immagine\"\n            class=\"bow-gte-testo-media u-spacer-base\"\n            id=\"\"\n        >\n            \n<div class=\"o-text-media px-side-spacer sm:px-side-spacer-sm lg:px-side-spacer-tablet 2xl:px-side-spacer-desktop flex flex-wrap items-start md:block\">\n\n    \n        \n                    <div\n                class=\"h-auto mb-6 md:mb-4 lg:mb-8 xl:mb-9  float-right ml-6 md:ml-4 lg:ml-8 xl:ml-9 overflow-hidden shadow-content-image w-full md:w-1\/4\"\n            >\n                \r\n\r\n    \r\n        \r\n            \r\n                \r\n                    <picture\r\n                        class=\"\"\r\n                                            >\r\n                                                                                                        <source\r\n                                media=\"(max-width: 150px)\"\r\n                                width=\"150\"\r\n                                height=\"150\"\r\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Immagine-5-FRA-150x150.png.webp\"\r\n                                type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                            \/>\r\n                                                                                <source\r\n                                media=\"(max-width: 281px)\"\r\n                                width=\"281\"\r\n                                height=\"300\"\r\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Immagine-5-FRA-281x300.png.webp\"\r\n                                type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                            \/>\r\n                                                                                <source\r\n                                media=\"(max-width: 436px)\"\r\n                                width=\"436\"\r\n                                height=\"466\"\r\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Immagine-5-FRA.png.webp\"\r\n                                type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                            \/>\r\n                                                                                <source\r\n                                media=\"(max-width: 436px)\"\r\n                                width=\"436\"\r\n                                height=\"466\"\r\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Immagine-5-FRA.png.webp\"\r\n                                type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                            \/>\r\n                                                                            <img\r\n                            class=\"a-image transparent border-image h-auto  w-full\"\r\n                                                        srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Immagine-5-FRA.png.webp\"\r\n                                                        title=\"Immagine 5 FRA\"\r\n                                                        type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                        \/>\r\n                    <\/picture>\r\n\r\n                \r\n\r\n                    \r\n    \r\n            <\/div>\n        \n                    <div class=\"relative w-full\">\n                \n<div class=\"a-text font-text text-base normal mt-8 first:mt-0 space-y-4\">\n    <p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>Exemple d\u2019une architecture de base de sous-syst\u00e8me de sortie B : moteur \u00e9lectrique<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Pour le circuit \u00e9lectrique pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 \u00e0 la Figure 5, le diagramme bloc (Block Diagram) <strong>du Sous-syst\u00e8me de sorti<\/strong>e relatif \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 \u00e0 la Figure 6.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Donn\u00e9es de s\u00e9curit\u00e9:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>K<sub>P1<\/sub> et K<sub>P2 ont un<\/sub>\u00a0B<sub>10<\/sub> = 10\u00b710<sup>6<\/sup> avec 73% comme pourcentage de d\u00e9faillances dangereuses (RDF selon le \u00a7 1.12.1). En consultant la fiche technique du fabricant, le Temps de Mission est de 20 ans et nous supposons un test p\u00e9riodique (Proof Test) de m\u00eame dur\u00e9e. Pour le Proof Test, nous avons d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas fixer une dur\u00e9e plus courte que le Temps de Mission.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Fr\u00e9quence d\u2019utilisation:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Les contacteurs sont suppos\u00e9s s\u2019ouvrir <strong>deux fois par minute<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u00c9vitement des d\u00e9faillances syst\u00e9matiques :<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00c9tant donn\u00e9 que nous voulons revendiquer l\u2019architecture B, des principes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de base et \u00e9prouv\u00e9s sont appliqu\u00e9s. \u00c9tant donn\u00e9 que SFF &lt; 60 %, des composants \u00e9prouv\u00e9s doivent \u00e9galement \u00eatre utilis\u00e9s (dans ce cas, deux contacteurs). Nous avons \u00e9galement v\u00e9rifi\u00e9 que des mesures suffisantes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 appliqu\u00e9es afin de pr\u00e9venir les d\u00e9faillances de cause commune : un \u03b2 = 2 % peut \u00eatre suppos\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/div>            <\/div>\n        \n        \n                <div class=\"clear-both\"><\/div>\n        \n\n    <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n\n    \n\n\n\n\n    \n        <section\n            data-name=\"Contenuto testuale con immagine\"\n            class=\"bow-gte-testo-media u-spacer-base\"\n            id=\"\"\n        >\n            \n<div class=\"o-text-media px-side-spacer sm:px-side-spacer-sm lg:px-side-spacer-tablet 2xl:px-side-spacer-desktop flex flex-wrap items-start md:block\">\n\n    \n        \n                    <div\n                class=\"h-auto mb-6 md:mb-4 lg:mb-8 xl:mb-9  float-right ml-6 md:ml-4 lg:ml-8 xl:ml-9 overflow-hidden shadow-content-image w-full md:w-2\/3\"\n            >\n                \r\n\r\n    \r\n        \r\n            \r\n                \r\n                    <picture\r\n                        class=\"\"\r\n                                            >\r\n                                                                                                        <source\r\n                                media=\"(max-width: 150px)\"\r\n                                width=\"150\"\r\n                                height=\"150\"\r\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/immagine-8-150x150.png.webp\"\r\n                                type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                            \/>\r\n                                                                                <source\r\n                                media=\"(max-width: 300px)\"\r\n                                width=\"300\"\r\n                                height=\"121\"\r\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/immagine-8-300x121.png.webp\"\r\n                                type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                            \/>\r\n                                                                                <source\r\n                                media=\"(max-width: 768px)\"\r\n                                width=\"768\"\r\n                                height=\"309\"\r\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/immagine-8-768x309.png.webp\"\r\n                                type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                            \/>\r\n                                                                                <source\r\n                                media=\"(max-width: 1024px)\"\r\n                                width=\"1024\"\r\n                                height=\"412\"\r\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/immagine-8-1024x412.png.webp\"\r\n                                type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                            \/>\r\n                                                                            <img\r\n                            class=\"a-image transparent border-image h-auto  w-full\"\r\n                                                        srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/immagine-8.png.webp\"\r\n                                                        title=\"immagine 8\"\r\n                                                        type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                        \/>\r\n                    <\/picture>\r\n\r\n                \r\n\r\n                    \r\n    \r\n            <\/div>\n        \n                    <div class=\"relative w-full\">\n                \n<div class=\"a-text font-text text-base normal mt-8 first:mt-0 space-y-4\">\n    <p>Concentrons-nous maintenant sur le calcul de la probabilit\u00e9 de <strong>d\u00e9faillances al\u00e9atoires<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>La <strong>premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape<\/strong> consiste \u00e0 calculer . Nous supposons que la machine fonctionne 240 jours par an et huit heures par jour.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>            <\/div>\n        \n        \n                <div class=\"clear-both\"><\/div>\n        \n\n    <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n\n    \n\n\n\n\n    \n        \n    \n\n\n\n\n    \n        <section\n            data-name=\"Contenuto testuale con immagine\"\n            class=\"bow-gte-testo-media u-spacer-base\"\n            id=\"\"\n        >\n            \n<div class=\"o-text-media px-side-spacer sm:px-side-spacer-sm lg:px-side-spacer-tablet 2xl:px-side-spacer-desktop flex flex-wrap items-start md:block\">\n\n    \n        \n                    <div\n                class=\"h-auto mb-6 md:mb-4 lg:mb-8 xl:mb-9  float-right ml-6 md:ml-4 lg:ml-8 xl:ml-9 overflow-hidden shadow-content-image w-full md:w-1\/2\"\n            >\n                \r\n\r\n    \r\n        \r\n            \r\n                \r\n                    <picture\r\n                        class=\"\"\r\n                                            >\r\n                                                                                                        <source\r\n                                media=\"(max-width: 150px)\"\r\n                                width=\"150\"\r\n                                height=\"150\"\r\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Immagine-9-2-150x150.png.webp\"\r\n                                type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                            \/>\r\n                                                                                <source\r\n                                media=\"(max-width: 300px)\"\r\n                                width=\"300\"\r\n                                height=\"74\"\r\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Immagine-9-2-300x74.png.webp\"\r\n                                type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                            \/>\r\n                                                                                <source\r\n                                media=\"(max-width: 768px)\"\r\n                                width=\"768\"\r\n                                height=\"190\"\r\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Immagine-9-2-768x190.png.webp\"\r\n                                type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                            \/>\r\n                                                                                <source\r\n                                media=\"(max-width: 840px)\"\r\n                                width=\"840\"\r\n                                height=\"208\"\r\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Immagine-9-2.png.webp\"\r\n                                type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                            \/>\r\n                                                                            <img\r\n                            class=\"a-image transparent border-image h-auto  w-full\"\r\n                                                        srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Immagine-9-2.png.webp\"\r\n                                                        title=\"Immagine 9\"\r\n                                                        type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                        \/>\r\n                    <\/picture>\r\n\r\n                \r\n\r\n                    \r\n    \r\n            <\/div>\n        \n                    <div class=\"relative w-full\">\n                \n<div class=\"a-text font-text text-base normal mt-8 first:mt-0 space-y-4\">\n    <p>2.La <strong>deuxi\u00e8me \u00e9tape<\/strong> consiste \u00e0 estimer T<sub>10D<\/sub> et T<sub>1<\/sub><\/p>\n<\/div>            <\/div>\n        \n        \n                <div class=\"clear-both\"><\/div>\n        \n\n    <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n\n    \n\n\n\n\n    \n        \n    \n\n\n\n\n    \n        <section\n            data-name=\"Contenuto testuale con immagine\"\n            class=\"bow-gte-testo-media u-spacer-base\"\n            id=\"\"\n        >\n            \n<div class=\"o-text-media px-side-spacer sm:px-side-spacer-sm lg:px-side-spacer-tablet 2xl:px-side-spacer-desktop flex flex-wrap items-start md:block\">\n\n    \n        \n                    <div\n                class=\"h-auto mb-6 md:mb-4 lg:mb-8 xl:mb-9  float-right ml-6 md:ml-4 lg:ml-8 xl:ml-9 overflow-hidden shadow-content-image w-full md:w-2\/3\"\n            >\n                \r\n\r\n    \r\n        \r\n            \r\n                \r\n                    <picture\r\n                        class=\"\"\r\n                                            >\r\n                                                                                                        <source\r\n                                media=\"(max-width: 150px)\"\r\n                                width=\"150\"\r\n                                height=\"150\"\r\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Immagine-9-1-150x150.png.webp\"\r\n                                type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                            \/>\r\n                                                                                <source\r\n                                media=\"(max-width: 300px)\"\r\n                                width=\"300\"\r\n                                height=\"71\"\r\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Immagine-9-1-300x71.png.webp\"\r\n                                type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                            \/>\r\n                                                                                <source\r\n                                media=\"(max-width: 768px)\"\r\n                                width=\"768\"\r\n                                height=\"182\"\r\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Immagine-9-1-768x182.png.webp\"\r\n                                type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                            \/>\r\n                                                                                <source\r\n                                media=\"(max-width: 1024px)\"\r\n                                width=\"1024\"\r\n                                height=\"243\"\r\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Immagine-9-1-1024x243.png.webp\"\r\n                                type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                            \/>\r\n                                                                            <img\r\n                            class=\"a-image transparent border-image h-auto  w-full\"\r\n                                                        srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Immagine-9-1.png.webp\"\r\n                                                        title=\"Immagine 9\"\r\n                                                        type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                        \/>\r\n                    <\/picture>\r\n\r\n                \r\n\r\n                    \r\n    \r\n            <\/div>\n        \n                    <div class=\"relative w-full\">\n                \n<div class=\"a-text font-text text-base normal mt-8 first:mt-0 space-y-4\">\n    <p>3. La <strong>derni\u00e8re \u00e9tape<\/strong> consiste \u00e0 calculer PFH<\/p>\n<\/div>            <\/div>\n        \n        \n                <div class=\"clear-both\"><\/div>\n        \n\n    <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n\n    \n\n\n\n\n    \n        <section\n            data-name=\"Contenuto testuale con immagine\"\n            class=\"bow-gte-testo-media u-spacer-base\"\n            id=\"\"\n        >\n            \n<div class=\"o-text-media px-side-spacer sm:px-side-spacer-sm lg:px-side-spacer-tablet 2xl:px-side-spacer-desktop flex flex-wrap items-start md:block\">\n\n    \n        \n        \n                    <div class=\"relative w-full\">\n                \n<div class=\"a-text font-text text-base normal mt-8 first:mt-0 space-y-4\">\n    <p>\u00c9tant donn\u00e9 qu\u2019il s\u2019agit d\u2019une architecture de sous-syst\u00e8me B, il n\u2019y a pas de diagnostic. Cela signifie que nous supposons SFF = DC &lt; 60%.<\/p>\n<p>Malgr\u00e9 le fait que la PFH soit tr\u00e8s faible, le fait que SFF &lt; 60 % et que HFT = 1 fait que le niveau SIL est limit\u00e9 \u00e0 SIL 1 par les contraintes architecturales.<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 193px;\" width=\"516\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"113\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Safe Failure Fraction (SFF)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" colspan=\"3\" width=\"284\"><strong>Hardware fault tolerance (HFT)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"95\"><strong>0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"94\"><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"95\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>2<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"113\">SFF &lt; 60 %<\/td>\n<td width=\"95\">SIL 1<\/td>\n<td width=\"94\"><strong><u>SIL 1<\/u><\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"95\">SIL 2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"113\">60 % \u2264 SFF &lt; 90 %<\/td>\n<td width=\"95\">SIL 1<\/td>\n<td width=\"94\">SIL 2<\/td>\n<td width=\"95\">SIL 3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"113\">90 %\u2264 SFF &lt; 99 %<\/td>\n<td width=\"95\">SIL 2<\/td>\n<td width=\"94\">SIL 3<\/td>\n<td width=\"95\">SIL 3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"113\">SFF \u2265 99 %<\/td>\n<td width=\"95\">SIL 3<\/td>\n<td width=\"94\">SIL 3<\/td>\n<td width=\"95\">SIL 3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\">Tableau 4 : niveau SIL maximal pouvant \u00eatre revendiqu\u00e9 pour un SCS<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Le sous-syst\u00e8me de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 atteint le <strong>SIL 1<\/strong> et pr\u00e9sente une <strong>PFH = 1,01 10<sup>-8<\/sup> 1\/<em>h<\/em>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>            <\/div>\n        \n        \n                <div class=\"clear-both\"><\/div>\n        \n\n    <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n\n    \n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cet article pr\u00e9sente les aspects cl\u00e9s de la norme IEC 62061 et d\u00e9crit en d\u00e9tail les architectures A et B.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":51356,"parent":49611,"menu_order":12,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-50899","pubblicazione","type-pubblicazione","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - 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