{"id":50035,"date":"2023-02-22T11:40:20","date_gmt":"2023-02-22T10:40:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/?post_type=approfondimento&p=50035"},"modified":"2025-08-25T08:22:52","modified_gmt":"2025-08-25T07:22:52","slug":"directive-machines-2006-42-ce-introduction","status":"publish","type":"approfondimento","link":"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/fr\/approfondissement\/directive-machine\/directive-machines-2006-42-ce-introduction\/","title":{"rendered":"Directive Machines 2006\/42\/CE : Introduction"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n \n \n \n
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La directive Machines a pour fonction de :<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • assurer la libre circulation des machines sur le march\u00e9 europ\u00e9en ;<\/span><\/li>\n
  • assurer un niveau \u00e9lev\u00e9 de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour les utilisateurs et les autres personnes expos\u00e9es ;<\/span><\/li>\n
  • favoriser l\u2019int\u00e9gration de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans la conception, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire aborder les probl\u00e9matiques de machines s\u00fbres d\u00e8s la phase de conception du produit.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    La directive contient 29 articles et 12 annexes et s\u2019adresse aux \u00c9tats membres, qui sont tenus de transposer ses exigences dans leur l\u00e9gislation nationale.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div>\n \n \n

    <\/div>\n \n\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n \n\n\n\n\n \n \n \n
    \n\n \n
    \n \n
    \n \n \n

    \n Champ d’application de la directive Machines <\/h2>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n \n
    \n \n
    \n

    La directive Machines fait r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 deux cat\u00e9gories d’\u00e9quipements de travail : les machines (au sens g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, incluant \u00e9galement les \u00e9quipements interchangeables, les composants de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, les accessoires de levage, les dispositifs de transmission m\u00e9canique amovibles) et les quasi-machines.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Sont toutefois exclus : les dispositifs de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 fournis en tant que pi\u00e8ces d\u00e9tach\u00e9es, les machines destin\u00e9es \u00e0 la recherche pour une utilisation temporaire en laboratoire, les produits d\u00e9j\u00e0 couverts par la directive LVD, les \u00e9quipements \u00e0 haute tension, les \u00e9quipements de parcs d’attractions, les v\u00e9hicules (\u00e0 l’exception des machines mont\u00e9es sur les v\u00e9hicules eux-m\u00eames).<\/span><\/p>\n

    Plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment, la directive pr\u00e9sente les d\u00e9finitions suivantes :<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00ab machine \u00bb : un ensemble muni ou destin\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre muni d’un syst\u00e8me d’entra\u00eenement autre que l’effort humain ou animal directement appliqu\u00e9, compos\u00e9 de pi\u00e8ces ou d’\u00e9l\u00e9ments li\u00e9s entre eux, dont l’un au moins est mobile, et assembl\u00e9s pour une application d\u00e9termin\u00e9e ;<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00ab \u00e9quipement interchangeable \u00bb : un dispositif qui, apr\u00e8s la mise en service d\u2019une machine ou d\u2019un tracteur, est assembl\u00e9 \u00e0 la machine ou au tracteur par l\u2019op\u00e9rateur lui-m\u00eame afin d\u2019en modifier la fonction ou d\u2019en assurer une nouvelle, dans la mesure o\u00f9 cet \u00e9quipement n\u2019est pas un outil ;<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00ab composant de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00bb : un composant destin\u00e9 \u00e0 assurer une fonction de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, mis sur le march\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9ment, dont la d\u00e9faillance et\/ou le dysfonctionnement met en danger la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des personnes et qui n’est pas essentiel \u00e0 l’usage pour lequel la machine a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7ue ou qui peut \u00eatre remplac\u00e9 par d’autres composants pour cette fonction ;<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00ab accessoires de levage \u00bb : \u00e9l\u00e9ments ou \u00e9quipements non reli\u00e9s \u00e0 un engin de levage, qui permettent de maintenir la charge ;<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00ab cha\u00eenes, c\u00e2bles et sangles \u00bb : [\u2026] con\u00e7us \u00e0 des fins de levage en tant que partie int\u00e9grante d\u2019appareils de levage ou d\u2019accessoires de levage ;<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00ab dispositifs de transmission m\u00e9canique amovibles \u00bb : \u00e9l\u00e9ments amovibles destin\u00e9s \u00e0 la transmission de puissance entre une machine automotrice ou un tracteur et une machine motoris\u00e9e par liaison au premier palier fixe de cette derni\u00e8re ;<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00ab quasi-machines \u00bb : ensembles qui constituent presque une machine, mais qui, \u00e0 eux seuls, ne sont pas capables de garantir une application bien d\u00e9finie.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/div> <\/div>\n \n \n

    <\/div>\n \n\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n \n\n\n\n\n \n \n \n
    \n\n \n
    \n \n
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    \n Conditions pr\u00e9alables \u00e0 la mise sur le march\u00e9 et \u00e0 la mise en service des machines <\/h2>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n \n
    \n \n
    \n

    Afin de proc\u00e9der \u00e0 la mise sur le march\u00e9 ou \u00e0 la mise en service d’une machine, il est n\u00e9cessaire de v\u00e9rifier :<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    • conformit\u00e9 aux Exigences Essentielles de Sant\u00e9 et de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 : RESS (ou EHSR en sigle anglais) ;<\/span><\/li>\n
    • la disponibilit\u00e9 du dossier technique et des informations ad\u00e9quates (telles que les instructions) ;<\/span><\/li>\n
    • respect de la proc\u00e9dure de v\u00e9rification de la conformit\u00e9 des machines ;<\/span><\/li>\n
    • l\u2019exhaustivit\u00e9 de la d\u00e9claration de conformit\u00e9 ;<\/span><\/li>\n
    • l’apposition du marquage CE.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      En particulier, en ce qui concerne les\u00a0<\/span>proc\u00e9dures de v\u00e9rification de la conformit\u00e9<\/span><\/b>\u00a0, le fabricant (ou son repr\u00e9sentant dans l’UE) doit appliquer l’une des indications suivantes :<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
      • lorsque la machine n’est pas r\u00e9pertori\u00e9e \u00e0 l’annexe IV (en tant que machine pr\u00e9sentant un risque \u00e9lev\u00e9 pour la sant\u00e9 et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9), les dispositions de l’annexe VIII s’appliquent (le fabricant doit adopter les proc\u00e9dures n\u00e9cessaires pour assurer la conformit\u00e9 avec les documents techniques et la directive) ;<\/span><\/li>\n
      • lorsque la machine est r\u00e9pertori\u00e9e \u00e0 l’annexe IV mais est produite conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 des normes harmonis\u00e9es couvrant les exigences RESS de l’annexe I, la m\u00eame proc\u00e9dure que celle du point pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent peut \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9e, ou la proc\u00e9dure de l’annexe IX peut \u00eatre suivie en combinaison avec l’annexe VIII, ou la proc\u00e9dure de l’annexe X peut \u00eatre suivie ;<\/span><\/li>\n
      • lorsque la machine est r\u00e9pertori\u00e9e \u00e0 l’annexe IV et n’est pas produite conform\u00e9ment aux normes harmonis\u00e9es des exigences RESS de l’annexe I, la proc\u00e9dure de v\u00e9rification de l’annexe IX en combinaison avec l’annexe VIII ou la proc\u00e9dure de l’annexe X doit \u00eatre suivie.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div> <\/div>\n \n \n
        <\/div>\n \n\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n \n\n\n\n\n \n \n \n
        \n\n \n
        \n \n
        \n \n \n

        \n Conditions pr\u00e9alables \u00e0 la mise sur le march\u00e9 de machines quasi-termin\u00e9es <\/h2>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n \n
        \n \n
        \n

        Avant de mettre une machine quasi-compl\u00e8te sur le march\u00e9, le fabricant (ou son mandataire agr\u00e9\u00e9 dans l’UE) doit v\u00e9rifier :<\/span><\/p>\n

          \n
        • la disponibilit\u00e9 du dossier technique (Documentation Technique Pertinente) et des instructions de montage ;<\/span><\/li>\n
        • l’int\u00e9gralit\u00e9 de la d\u00e9claration de constitution.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div> <\/div>\n \n \n
          <\/div>\n \n\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n \n\n\n\n\n \n \n \n
          \n\n \n
          \n \n
          \n \n \n

          \n Exigences essentielles en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9 et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 (ESSR) <\/h2>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n \n
          \n \n
          \n

          Les exigences essentielles de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et de sant\u00e9 (ESS) relatives aux machines figurent \u00e0 l’annexe I de la directive Machines. Elles sont strictes et immuables, mais ne s’appliquent que lorsqu’elles sont pertinentes (c’est-\u00e0-dire lorsqu’un danger existe).<\/span><\/p>\n

          Par ailleurs, les RESS concernant les \u00ab Principes d\u2019int\u00e9gration de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00bb, le \u00ab Marquage \u00bb et les \u00ab Instructions \u00bb sont obligatoires pour toutes les machines, tout comme l\u2019\u00ab \u00c9valuation des risques \u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n

          Afin d\u2019identifier le RESS pertinent pour la machine en question, le fabricant (ou son mandataire) doit s\u2019assurer que l\u2019\u00e9valuation des risques est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e selon le processus it\u00e9ratif d\u00e9crit dans les Principes g\u00e9n\u00e9raux.<\/span><\/p>\n

          Le respect de toutes les exigences RESS de l’annexe I n’est pas une condition n\u00e9cessaire pour les machines partiellement achev\u00e9es et leur application est laiss\u00e9e \u00e0 la d\u00e9cision du fabricant, sur la base de l’analyse des risques.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div>\n \n \n

          <\/div>\n \n\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n \n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          La directive Machines vise \u00e0 : assurer la libre circulation des machines sur le march\u00e9 europ\u00e9en ; garantir un niveau \u00e9lev\u00e9 de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":50036,"parent":0,"menu_order":21,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"tipologia_approfondimento":[153],"class_list":["post-50035","approfondimento","type-approfondimento","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tipologia_approfondimento-directive-machine"],"acf":{"sottotitolo":"La d\u00e9finition de machine et quasi-machine","allegati":null},"yoast_head":"\nDirective Machines 2006\/42\/CE : Introduction - Gt-Engineering<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/fr\/approfondissement\/directive-machine\/directive-machines-2006-42-ce-introduction\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Directive Machines 2006\/42\/CE : Introduction - Gt-Engineering\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La directive Machines vise \u00e0 : assurer la libre circulation des machines sur le march\u00e9 europ\u00e9en ; 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