{"id":41861,"date":"2023-08-10T10:15:53","date_gmt":"2023-08-10T09:15:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/?post_type=approfondimento&#038;p=41861"},"modified":"2025-05-31T09:38:47","modified_gmt":"2025-05-31T08:38:47","slug":"considerations-sur-les-fautes-et-exclusion-des-fautes","status":"publish","type":"approfondimento","link":"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/fr\/approfondissement\/la-securite-fonctionnelle\/considerations-sur-les-fautes-et-exclusion-des-fautes\/","title":{"rendered":"Consid\u00e9rations sur les fautes et exclusion des fautes."},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n    \n        <section\n            data-name=\"Contenuto testuale con immagine\"\n            class=\"bow-gte-testo-media u-spacer-base\"\n            id=\"\"\n        >\n            \n<div class=\"o-text-media px-side-spacer sm:px-side-spacer-sm lg:px-side-spacer-tablet 2xl:px-side-spacer-desktop flex flex-wrap items-start md:block\">\n\n    \n        \n                    <div\n                class=\"h-auto mb-6 md:mb-4 lg:mb-8 xl:mb-9 float-left mr-6 md:mr-4 lg:mr-8 xl:mr-9  overflow-hidden shadow-content-image w-full md:w-1\/4\"\n            >\n                \r\n\r\n    \r\n        \r\n            \r\n                \r\n                    <picture\r\n                        class=\"\"\r\n                                            >\r\n                                                                                                        <source\r\n                                media=\"(max-width: 150px)\"\r\n                                width=\"150\"\r\n                                height=\"139\"\r\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/1oo3-150x139.jpg.webp\"\r\n                                type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                            \/>\r\n                                                                                <source\r\n                                media=\"(max-width: 203px)\"\r\n                                width=\"203\"\r\n                                height=\"139\"\r\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/1oo3.jpg.webp\"\r\n                                type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                            \/>\r\n                                                                                <source\r\n                                media=\"(max-width: 203px)\"\r\n                                width=\"203\"\r\n                                height=\"139\"\r\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/1oo3.jpg.webp\"\r\n                                type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                            \/>\r\n                                                                                <source\r\n                                media=\"(max-width: 203px)\"\r\n                                width=\"203\"\r\n                                height=\"139\"\r\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/1oo3.jpg.webp\"\r\n                                type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                            \/>\r\n                                                                            <img\r\n                            class=\"a-image transparent border-image h-auto  w-full\"\r\n                                                        srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/1oo3.jpg.webp\"\r\n                                                        title=\"1oo3\"\r\n                                                        type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                        \/>\r\n                    <\/picture>\r\n\r\n                \r\n\r\n                    \r\n    \r\n            <\/div>\n        \n                    <div class=\"relative w-full\">\n                \n<div class=\"a-text font-text text-base normal mt-8 first:mt-0 space-y-4\">\n    <p>Un syst\u00e8me de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 doit \u00eatre fiable, mais combien de d\u00e9faillances faut-il prendre en consid\u00e9ration ? Un syst\u00e8me redondant peut \u00eatre con\u00e7u avec deux capteurs et deux \u00e9l\u00e9ments finaux redondants, mais en cas de deux d\u00e9faillances, nous sommes dans le p\u00e9trin !<\/p>\n<p>En mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des machines, pourquoi la fiabilit\u00e9 architecturale maximale est-elle g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement obtenue gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des sous-syst\u00e8mes \u00e0 canaux redondants (1oo2D)\u00a0? <strong>Et pourquoi une architecture 1oo3D n&rsquo;est-elle pas requise pour atteindre le niveau SIL\u00a03 ou PL\u00a0e dans ce contexte\u00a0?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>En g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, les crit\u00e8res de d\u00e9faillance suivants doivent \u00eatre pris en compte :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Si, \u00e0 cause d&rsquo;une d\u00e9faillance, d&rsquo;autres composants tombent en panne,<strong> la premi\u00e8re d\u00e9faillance et toutes les suivantes sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme une seule<\/strong> et m\u00eame d\u00e9faillance (appel\u00e9e d\u00e9faillance d\u00e9pendante).<\/li>\n<li>Deux ou plusieurs d\u00e9faillances distinctes, <strong>ayant une cause commune,<\/strong> sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme une seule et m\u00eame d\u00e9faillance. Cette situation est analys\u00e9e en d\u00e9tail au point 3.6.<\/li>\n<li>L&rsquo;apparition simultan\u00e9e de deux ou plusieurs d\u00e9fauts ayant des causes distinctes<strong> est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme hautement improbable et ne doit donc pas \u00eatre prise en compte<\/strong> <em>([ISO 13849-1] 6.1.10.2 Prise en compte des d\u00e9fauts).<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Cela signifie que, dans les machines, en raison de l&rsquo;avantage d&rsquo;avoir, la plupart du temps, un mode de fonctionnement \u00e0 forte demande, une seule d\u00e9faillance ind\u00e9pendante doit \u00eatre prise en compte.<strong> Deux d\u00e9faillances sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme tr\u00e8s improbables entre deux demandes de la fonction de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/strong>. L&rsquo;hypoth\u00e8se devient moins viable dans le cas de demandes peu fr\u00e9quentes par an ou dans le cas d&rsquo;un syst\u00e8me de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en mode de faible demande.<\/p>\n<\/div>            <\/div>\n        \n        \n                <div class=\"clear-both\"><\/div>\n        \n\n    <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n\n    \n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Un syst\u00e8me de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 doit \u00eatre fiable, mais combien de d\u00e9faillances faut-il prendre en consid\u00e9ration ?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":182,"featured_media":41830,"parent":0,"menu_order":31,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"tipologia_approfondimento":[154],"class_list":["post-41861","approfondimento","type-approfondimento","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tipologia_approfondimento-la-securite-fonctionnelle"],"acf":{"sottotitolo":"","allegati":null},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Consid\u00e9rations sur les fautes et exclusion des fautes. - 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