{"id":39678,"date":"2023-02-22T11:40:56","date_gmt":"2023-02-22T10:40:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/approfondimenti\/%tipologia_approfondimento%\/explosiveness-of-dust\/"},"modified":"2025-07-17T11:12:22","modified_gmt":"2025-07-17T10:12:22","slug":"explosiveness-of-dust","status":"publish","type":"approfondimento","link":"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/fr\/approfondissement\/risque-atex\/explosiveness-of-dust\/","title":{"rendered":"Explosivit\u00e9 des poussi\u00e8res"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n \n \n \n
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L’explosion de poussi\u00e8re est assez simple \u00e0 imaginer en termes d’exp\u00e9rience quotidienne. Tout mat\u00e9riau solide qui peut br\u00fbler le fera avec une intensit\u00e9 et une vitesse qui augmentent avec la fragmentation du mat\u00e9riau. Un morceau de bois, lorsqu’il est enflamm\u00e9, br\u00fble lentement en d\u00e9gageant de la chaleur pendant une longue p\u00e9riode. En revanche, s’il est coup\u00e9 en petits morceaux, la vitesse de combustion augmente car la surface totale de contact entre le bois et l’air est plus grande, ce qui facilite l’allumage du bois.<\/p>\n

Si la d\u00e9composition se poursuit jusqu’\u00e0 des particules de l’ordre du dixi\u00e8me de millim\u00e8tre ou moins, et que ces particules sont en suspension dans un volume d’air suffisamment grand pour leur donner un espace suffisant pour br\u00fbler sans restriction, la vitesse de combustion sera tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9e et l’\u00e9nergie n\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 l’allumage tr\u00e8s faible. Un tel nuage est appel\u00e9 explosion de poussi\u00e8res.<\/p>\n

Les mat\u00e9riaux qui peuvent donner lieu \u00e0 une explosion de poussi\u00e8res sont les suivants :<\/p>\n

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  • – des mati\u00e8res organiques naturelles (farine, bois, tissu, sucre, etc.)<\/li>\n
  • – Mati\u00e8res organiques synth\u00e9tiques (plastiques, pigments organiques, pesticides, compos\u00e9s pharmaceutiques, etc.)<\/li>\n
  • – le charbon et la tourbe<\/li>\n
  • – M\u00e9taux (aluminium, magn\u00e9sium, titane, zinc, fer, etc.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

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    \n La densit\u00e9 de la poudre pour le m\u00e9lange \u00e0 exploser <\/h4>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n \n \r\n\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n <\/picture>\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n \r\n \r\n <\/div>\n \n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n \n\n\n\n\n \n \n \n
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    La figure 7.2 montre le domaine d’explosion d’une mati\u00e8re organique naturelle typique, telle que la ma\u00efzena, dans l’air \u00e0 temp\u00e9rature ambiante et \u00e0 pression atmosph\u00e9rique. Ce domaine est assez \u00e9troit, puisqu’il s’\u00e9tend sur moins de deux ordres de grandeur (de 100 g\/m3 \u00e0 2 kg\/m3).<\/p>\n

    Les limites d’explosivit\u00e9 diff\u00e8rent selon les poussi\u00e8res. Par exemple, la limite inf\u00e9rieure d’explosivit\u00e9 de la poussi\u00e8re de zinc est d’environ 500 g\/m3.<\/p>\n

    Les nuages de poussi\u00e8res explosives ont une densit\u00e9 optique \u00e9lev\u00e9e, m\u00eame \u00e0 la LIE. Ceci est d\u00e9montr\u00e9, comme dans la figure 7.2, par le fait que la gamme des concentrations maximales de poussi\u00e8res autoris\u00e9es, qui sont sp\u00e9cifi\u00e9es dans le contexte du nettoyage des lieux de travail, est inf\u00e9rieure de trois ou quatre ordres de grandeur aux concentrations minimales de poussi\u00e8res explosives. Cela signifie que les niveaux d\u00e9sagr\u00e9ables de concentration de poussi\u00e8res qui peuvent se produire dans l’environnement de travail d’un \u00e9tablissement, et qui sont contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les autorit\u00e9s, sont bien inf\u00e9rieurs aux niveaux de concentration qui peuvent propager l’incendie.<\/p>\n

    Par cons\u00e9quent, la concentration minimale d’explosivit\u00e9 (CME ou LIE massique) correspond \u00e0 un nuage de poussi\u00e8re ayant une densit\u00e9 optique \u00e9lev\u00e9e, ce qui n’est pas susceptible de se produire r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement dans les \u00e9tablissements. La figure 7.3 montre les densit\u00e9s optiques \u00e9lev\u00e9es des nuages de poussi\u00e8re explosifs, sur la base d’une r\u00e8gle empirique d’Intelmann cit\u00e9e par Zehr (1965) : \u00ab\u00a0Consid\u00e9rons une ampoule de 25 W observ\u00e9e \u00e0 2 m de distance dans la poussi\u00e8re. Si l’ampoule n’est pas visible, la concentration est sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 40 g\/m3, c’est-\u00e0-dire environ la moiti\u00e9 de la CEM.<\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n \n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n \n\n\n\n\n \n \n \n

    \n\n \n \n \n \r\n\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n <\/picture>\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n \r\n \r\n <\/div>\n \n \n \n
    <\/div>\n \n\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n \n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    L’explosion de poussi\u00e8re est assez simple \u00e0 imaginer en termes d’exp\u00e9rience quotidienne.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":48511,"parent":0,"menu_order":104,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"tipologia_approfondimento":[162],"class_list":["post-39678","approfondimento","type-approfondimento","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tipologia_approfondimento-risque-atex"],"acf":{"sottotitolo":"Le processus d'explosion et les mati\u00e8res dangereuses","allegati":null},"yoast_head":"\nExplosiveness of dust<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The explosion of dust is quite simple to imagine in terms of everyday experience. 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