{"id":39678,"date":"2023-02-22T11:40:56","date_gmt":"2023-02-22T10:40:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/approfondimenti\/%tipologia_approfondimento%\/explosiveness-of-dust\/"},"modified":"2026-08-14T15:03:24","modified_gmt":"2026-08-14T14:03:24","slug":"explosiveness-of-dust","status":"publish","type":"approfondimento","link":"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/fr\/approfondissement\/risque-atex\/explosiveness-of-dust\/","title":{"rendered":"Explosivit\u00e9 des poussi\u00e8res"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n    \n        <section\n            data-name=\"Contenuto testuale con immagine\"\n            class=\"bow-gte-testo-media u-spacer-base\"\n            id=\"\"\n        >\n            \n<div class=\"o-text-media px-side-spacer sm:px-side-spacer-sm lg:px-side-spacer-tablet 2xl:px-side-spacer-desktop flex flex-wrap items-start md:block\">\n\n    \n        \n                    <div\n                class=\"h-auto mb-6 md:mb-4 lg:mb-8 xl:mb-9 float-left mr-6 md:mr-4 lg:mr-8 xl:mr-9  overflow-hidden shadow-content-image w-full md:w-1\/2\"\n            >\n                \n\n    \n        \n            \n                \n                    <picture\n                        class=\"\"\n                                            >\n                                                                                                        <source\n                                media=\"(max-width: 150px)\"\n                                width=\"150\"\n                                height=\"150\"\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Imperial-Sugar-Company-refinery-in-Port-Wentworth-Georgia-150x150.png\"\n                                type=\"image\/png\"\n                            \/>\n                                                                                <source\n                                media=\"(max-width: 300px)\"\n                                width=\"300\"\n                                height=\"225\"\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Imperial-Sugar-Company-refinery-in-Port-Wentworth-Georgia-300x225.png\"\n                                type=\"image\/png\"\n                            \/>\n                                                                                <source\n                                media=\"(max-width: 768px)\"\n                                width=\"768\"\n                                height=\"576\"\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Imperial-Sugar-Company-refinery-in-Port-Wentworth-Georgia-768x576.png\"\n                                type=\"image\/png\"\n                            \/>\n                                                                                <source\n                                media=\"(max-width: 1024px)\"\n                                width=\"1024\"\n                                height=\"768\"\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Imperial-Sugar-Company-refinery-in-Port-Wentworth-Georgia-1024x768.png\"\n                                type=\"image\/png\"\n                            \/>\n                                                                            <img\n                            class=\"a-image transparent border-image h-auto  w-full\"\n                                                        srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Imperial-Sugar-Company-refinery-in-Port-Wentworth-Georgia.png\"\n                                                        width=\"1448\"\n                            height=\"1086\"\n                                                                                    title=\"Imperial Sugar Company refinery in Port Wentworth, Georgia\"\n                                                        type=\"image\/png\"\n                            loading=\"eager\" fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\"                        \/>\n                    <\/picture>\n\n                \n\n                    \n    \n\n            <\/div>\n        \n                    <div class=\"relative w-full\">\n                \n<div class=\"a-text font-text text-base normal mt-8 first:mt-0 space-y-4\">\n    <p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"135\">Il existe <strong data-start=\"10\" data-end=\"36\">plusieurs id\u00e9es re\u00e7ues<\/strong> concernant le danger que peuvent repr\u00e9senter les poussi\u00e8res combustibles. En voici quelques-unes :<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"137\" data-end=\"565\">\n<li data-section-id=\"ny4jx0\" data-start=\"137\" data-end=\"237\">Les explosions de poussi\u00e8res <strong>ne se produisent que dans les mines de charbon et les silos \u00e0 grains<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1nsd9q5\" data-start=\"238\" data-end=\"317\"><strong>Une grande quantit\u00e9 de poussi\u00e8re est n\u00e9cessaire<\/strong> pour provoquer une explosion.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1s49fx4\" data-start=\"318\" data-end=\"413\"><strong>Les explosions de gaz<\/strong> sont toujours beaucoup plus violentes que les explosions de poussi\u00e8res.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"25xrkq\" data-start=\"414\" data-end=\"475\">Supprimer l\u2019oxyg\u00e8ne rend automatiquement la situation s\u00fbre.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"gtbnka\" data-start=\"476\" data-end=\"565\">Il n\u2019y a aucun probl\u00e8me si la poussi\u00e8re n\u2019est pas visiblement en suspension dans l\u2019air.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"567\" data-end=\"919\">Je suis d\u2019accord : il s\u2019agit bien d\u2019id\u00e9es re\u00e7ues. Cependant, comme me l\u2019a dit un coll\u00e8gue il y a de nombreuses ann\u00e9es : <em data-start=\"687\" data-end=\"871\">\u00ab Si toutes les poussi\u00e8res d\u00e9crites comme dangereuses, dans les analyses de risques que je lis, \u00e9taient r\u00e9ellement aussi dangereuses, la NASA aurait choisi d\u2019aller sur la Lune avec une<\/em> <em data-start=\"872\" data-end=\"913\"><strong data-start=\"873\" data-end=\"912\">fus\u00e9e propuls\u00e9e par de la poussi\u00e8re<\/strong><\/em> <em data-start=\"914\" data-end=\"919\">! \u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"921\" data-end=\"1167\">L\u2019id\u00e9e derri\u00e8re cette plaisanterie est que, m\u00eame si les dangers li\u00e9s aux poussi\u00e8res combustibles <strong>sont bien r\u00e9els<\/strong>, il existe \u00e9galement une tendance \u00e0 <strong data-start=\"1070\" data-end=\"1094\">surestimer le risque<\/strong>, car les \u00e9valuations reposent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement sur des <strong>crit\u00e8res qualitatif<\/strong>s.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1169\" data-end=\"1410\">Il existe une litt\u00e9rature abondante sur les <strong data-start=\"1213\" data-end=\"1241\">explosions de poussi\u00e8res<\/strong>, dont une grande partie repose sur des recherches exp\u00e9rimentales solides. La NFPA a r\u00e9cemment publi\u00e9 une excellente norme qui traite le sujet de mani\u00e8re tr\u00e8s compl\u00e8te :<\/p>\n<blockquote data-start=\"1412\" data-end=\"1489\">\n<p data-start=\"1414\" data-end=\"1489\"><em data-start=\"1414\" data-end=\"1489\"><strong data-start=\"1415\" data-end=\"1488\">NFPA 660:2025 \u2013 Standard for Combustible Dusts and Particulate Solids<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p data-start=\"1491\" data-end=\"1824\">La NFPA 660 est une norme consolid\u00e9e qui regroupe des exigences auparavant r\u00e9parties entre plusieurs normes NFPA relatives aux poussi\u00e8res combustibles, notamment la <strong data-start=\"1656\" data-end=\"1719\">NFPA 652 \u2013 Standard on the Fundamentals of Combustible Dust<\/strong>, ainsi qu\u2019un certain nombre de normes sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e0 certains secteurs industriels ou types de mat\u00e9riaux.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1826\" data-end=\"2176\">Lorsqu\u2019on \u00e9value le risque d\u2019explosion provoqu\u00e9, par exemple, par une fuite de gaz provenant du skid d\u2019alimentation en gaz d\u2019un four, <strong data-start=\"1960\" data-end=\"2051\">les normes techniques fournissent des m\u00e9thodes quantitatives relativement bien d\u00e9finies<\/strong>. Les d\u00e9bits de fuite peuvent \u00eatre calcul\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019aide d\u2019\u00e9quations issues de la m\u00e9canique des fluides et de la thermodynamique.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2178\" data-end=\"2365\"><strong data-start=\"2178\" data-end=\"2208\">Dans le cas des poussi\u00e8res<\/strong>, la situation est souvent assez diff\u00e9rente. <strong data-start=\"2253\" data-end=\"2269\">L\u2019\u00e9valuation<\/strong> repose beaucoup plus fr\u00e9quemment sur des <strong data-start=\"2311\" data-end=\"2364\">crit\u00e8res qualitatifs et sur le jugement technique<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2367\" data-end=\"2656\">Un exemple souvent cit\u00e9 est celui d\u2019une couche relativement mince de poussi\u00e8re combustible \u2014 parfois d\u00e9crite comme une couche suffisamment \u00e9paisse pour pouvoir y \u00e9crire son nom avec un doigt \u2014 qui peut repr\u00e9senter un danger important si cette poussi\u00e8re est remise en suspension dans l\u2019air.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2658\" data-end=\"3061\">Ce type de crit\u00e8re est utile pour identifier des situations potentiellement dangereuses. <strong data-start=\"2747\" data-end=\"2815\">Cependant, lorsqu\u2019il est appliqu\u00e9 sans tenir suffisamment compte<\/strong> des conditions r\u00e9elles du proc\u00e9d\u00e9, des caract\u00e9ristiques de la poussi\u00e8re, des quantit\u00e9s pr\u00e9sentes, de la probabilit\u00e9 de mise en suspension et des sources d\u2019inflammation, <strong data-start=\"2985\" data-end=\"3061\">il peut conduire les praticiens \u00e0 surestimer le risque r\u00e9el d\u2019explosion.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3063\" data-end=\"3201\">Cela \u00e9tant dit, <strong data-start=\"3079\" data-end=\"3103\">le m\u00e9canisme de base<\/strong> d\u2019une explosion de poussi\u00e8res est assez facile \u00e0 comprendre \u00e0 partir de l\u2019exp\u00e9rience quotidienne.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3203\" data-end=\"3591\">Tout mat\u00e9riau solide susceptible de br\u00fbler br\u00fblera g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement d\u2019autant plus rapidement que son degr\u00e9 de fragmentation est \u00e9lev\u00e9. Un morceau de bois, une fois enflamm\u00e9, br\u00fble relativement lentement et lib\u00e8re son \u00e9nergie sur une p\u00e9riode relativement longue. Si ce m\u00eame bois est d\u00e9coup\u00e9 en petits morceaux, la combustion devient plus rapide, car la surface totale expos\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019air augmente.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3593\" data-end=\"3972\">Si la fragmentation se poursuit jusqu\u2019\u00e0 produire de tr\u00e8s petites particules \u2014 typiquement de l\u2019ordre de fractions de millim\u00e8tre \u2014 et que celles-ci sont dispers\u00e9es dans l\u2019air \u00e0 une concentration appropri\u00e9e, la surface disponible devient extr\u00eamement importante. La combustion peut alors se produire tr\u00e8s rapidement et l\u2019\u00e9nergie n\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 l\u2019inflammation peut devenir tr\u00e8s faible.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3974\" data-end=\"4234\">Si cette combustion rapide d\u2019un nuage de poussi\u00e8res en suspension provoque une mont\u00e9e en pression suffisamment rapide, il se produit une <strong data-start=\"4111\" data-end=\"4141\">d\u00e9flagration de poussi\u00e8res<\/strong> et, notamment en pr\u00e9sence d\u2019un confinement, potentiellement une <strong data-start=\"4206\" data-end=\"4233\">explosion de poussi\u00e8res<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4236\" data-end=\"4341\">Les mat\u00e9riaux susceptibles de provoquer des explosions de poussi\u00e8res combustibles comprennent notamment :<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4343\" data-end=\"4646\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1alpys4\" data-start=\"4343\" data-end=\"4421\"><strong data-start=\"4345\" data-end=\"4385\">Les mati\u00e8res organiques naturelles :<\/strong> farine, bois, textiles, sucre, etc.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"yfa7qz\" data-start=\"4422\" data-end=\"4551\"><strong data-start=\"4424\" data-end=\"4466\">Les mati\u00e8res organiques synth\u00e9tiques :<\/strong> mati\u00e8res plastiques, pigments organiques, pesticides, compos\u00e9s pharmaceutiques, etc.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1yl8cxp\" data-start=\"4552\" data-end=\"4581\"><strong data-start=\"4554\" data-end=\"4581\">Le charbon et la tourbe<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1alo6x1\" data-start=\"4582\" data-end=\"4646\" data-is-last-node=\"\"><strong data-start=\"4584\" data-end=\"4600\">Les m\u00e9taux :<\/strong> aluminium, magn\u00e9sium, titane, zinc, fer, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>            <\/div>\n        \n        \n                <div class=\"clear-both\"><\/div>\n        \n\n    <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n\n    \n\n\n\n\n    \n        <section\n            data-name=\"Contenuto testuale con immagine\"\n            class=\"bow-gte-testo-media u-spacer-base\"\n            id=\"\"\n        >\n            \n<div class=\"o-text-media px-side-spacer sm:px-side-spacer-sm lg:px-side-spacer-tablet 2xl:px-side-spacer-desktop flex flex-wrap items-start flex-col\">\n\n    \n\n                    <div \n                class=\"order-2 relative w-full\"\n            >\n                <div\n                    class=\"pt-6 space-y-6 w-full md:pt-0 md:space-y-4 lg:space-y-8 xl:space-y-9\"\n                >\n                    \n        <div                class=\"m-headings\"\n            >\n    \n    \n<h4 class=\"a-heading text-left text-primary font-heading text-2xl lg:text-3xl xl:text-4xl font-normal mt-2 first:mt-0\">\n                    La densit\u00e9 de la poudre pour le m\u00e9lange \u00e0 exploser    <\/h4>\n        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        \n                    <div\n                class=\"h-auto order-2   mt-6 md:mt-4 lg:mt-8 xl:mt-9 overflow-hidden shadow-content-image w-full md:w-1\/2\"\n            >\n                \n\n    \n        \n            \n                \n                    <picture\n                        class=\"\"\n                                            >\n                                                                                                        <source\n                                media=\"(max-width: 150px)\"\n                                width=\"150\"\n                                height=\"150\"\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Densita-polvere-150x150.png.webp\"\n                                type=\"image\/webp\"\n                            \/>\n                                                                                <source\n                                media=\"(max-width: 300px)\"\n                                width=\"300\"\n                                height=\"181\"\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Densita-polvere-300x181.png.webp\"\n                                type=\"image\/webp\"\n                            \/>\n                                                                                <source\n                                media=\"(max-width: 768px)\"\n                                width=\"768\"\n                                height=\"464\"\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Densita-polvere-768x464.png.webp\"\n                                type=\"image\/webp\"\n                            \/>\n                                                                                <source\n                                media=\"(max-width: 1024px)\"\n                                width=\"1024\"\n                                height=\"619\"\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Densita-polvere-1024x619.png.webp\"\n                                type=\"image\/webp\"\n                            \/>\n                                                                            <img\n                            class=\"a-image transparent border-image h-auto  w-full mx-auto\"\n                                                        srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Densita-polvere.png.webp\"\n                                                        width=\"1143\"\n                            height=\"691\"\n                                                                                    title=\"Densita-polvere\"\n                                                        type=\"image\/webp\"\n                            loading=\"lazy\" fetchpriority=\"auto\" decoding=\"async\"                        \/>\n                    <\/picture>\n\n                \n\n                    \n    \n\n            <\/div>\n        \n    <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n\n    \n\n\n\n\n    \n        <section\n            data-name=\"Contenuto testuale con immagine\"\n            class=\"bow-gte-testo-media u-spacer-base\"\n            id=\"\"\n        >\n            \n<div class=\"o-text-media px-side-spacer sm:px-side-spacer-sm lg:px-side-spacer-tablet 2xl:px-side-spacer-desktop flex flex-wrap items-start flex-col md:items-center\">\n\n    \n\n                    <div \n                class=\"order-2 relative w-full\"\n            >\n                <div\n                    class=\"pt-6 space-y-6 w-full md:pt-0 md:space-y-4 lg:space-y-8 xl:space-y-9\"\n                >\n                    \n<div class=\"a-text font-text text-base normal mt-8 first:mt-0 space-y-4\">\n    <div class=\"qMYqUG_convSearchResultHighlightRoot\">\n<div class=\"\" data-turn-id-container=\"request-WEB:a00232ba-4b8b-4437-aafd-42393bc6728a-5\" data-is-intersecting=\"true\">\n<section class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none [&amp;:has([data-writing-block])&gt;*]:pointer-events-auto R6Vx5W_threadScrollVars scroll-mb-[calc(var(--scroll-root-safe-area-inset-bottom,0px)+var(--thread-response-height))] scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]\" dir=\"auto\" data-turn-id=\"request-WEB:a00232ba-4b8b-4437-aafd-42393bc6728a-5\" data-turn-id-container=\"request-WEB:a00232ba-4b8b-4437-aafd-42393bc6728a-5\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-12\" data-turn=\"assistant\">\n<div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto pb-8 [--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-xs,calc(var(--spacing)*4))] @w-sm\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-sm,calc(var(--spacing)*6))] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-lg,calc(var(--spacing)*16))] px-(--thread-content-margin)\">\n<div class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\" data-conversation-screenshot-content=\"\">\n<div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col gap-4 grow\">\n<div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal outline-none keyboard-focused:focus-ring [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-1\" dir=\"auto\" tabindex=\"0\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"193a917c-50a3-4645-a01d-5bcc8e1c580d\" data-turn-start-message=\"true\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5-6-thinking\">\n<div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden\">\n<div class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert wrap-break-word w-full dark markdown-new-styling\">\n<p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"338\">La Fig. 7.2 montre <strong data-start=\"19\" data-end=\"104\">la plage de concentrations explosives d\u2019une poussi\u00e8re organique naturelle typique<\/strong>, telle que la farine de ma\u00efs, dispers\u00e9e dans l\u2019air \u00e0 temp\u00e9rature ambiante et \u00e0 pression atmosph\u00e9rique. Cette plage est relativement \u00e9troite et s\u2019\u00e9tend sur moins de deux ordres de grandeur, approximativement de <strong data-start=\"315\" data-end=\"337\">100 g\/m\u00b3 \u00e0 2 kg\/m\u00b3<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"340\" data-end=\"525\">Les limites d\u2019explosivit\u00e9 varient sensiblement d\u2019une poussi\u00e8re \u00e0 l\u2019autre. Par exemple, une poussi\u00e8re de zinc peut pr\u00e9senter une concentration minimale explosible d\u2019environ <strong data-start=\"512\" data-end=\"524\">500 g\/m\u00b3<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"527\" data-end=\"1119\">Les nuages de poussi\u00e8res explosibles pr\u00e9sentent une densit\u00e9 optique tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9e, m\u00eame \u00e0 des concentrations proches de la limite inf\u00e9rieure d\u2019explosivit\u00e9. La Fig. 7.2 l\u2019illustre en comparant la plage de concentrations explosives avec les concentrations de poussi\u00e8res beaucoup plus faibles g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement associ\u00e9es \u00e0 <strong data-start=\"840\" data-end=\"898\">l\u2019exposition professionnelle et \u00e0 l\u2019hygi\u00e8ne du travail<\/strong>. Ces concentrations admissibles de poussi\u00e8res en suspension dans l\u2019air sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement inf\u00e9rieures de trois \u00e0 quatre ordres de grandeur \u00e0 la concentration minimale n\u00e9cessaire pour provoquer une explosion de poussi\u00e8res.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1121\" data-end=\"1459\">En d\u2019autres termes, les concentrations de poussi\u00e8res qui peuvent d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme excessives ou inacceptables sur un lieu de travail \u2014 et qui font donc l\u2019objet de contr\u00f4les en mati\u00e8re d\u2019hygi\u00e8ne professionnelle \u2014 sont <strong data-start=\"1349\" data-end=\"1458\">tr\u00e8s inf\u00e9rieures aux concentrations normalement n\u00e9cessaires pour former un nuage de poussi\u00e8res explosible<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1461\" data-end=\"1581\">Cela conduit \u00e0 une r\u00e8gle g\u00e9n\u00e9rale utile lors de l\u2019\u00e9valuation de la probabilit\u00e9 de formation d\u2019une atmosph\u00e8re explosive :<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1583\" data-end=\"1943\"><strong data-start=\"1583\" data-end=\"1943\">Une atmosph\u00e8re explosive gazeuse est souvent attendue \u00e0 l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur de la canalisation ou du r\u00e9cipient qui contient le gaz, \u00e0 la suite d\u2019une fuite, tandis qu\u2019une atmosph\u00e8re explosive poussi\u00e9reuse est plus fr\u00e9quemment attendue \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur des \u00e9quipements de proc\u00e9d\u00e9, o\u00f9 des concentrations de poussi\u00e8res suffisamment \u00e9lev\u00e9es peuvent facilement se produire.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1945\" data-end=\"2239\">Il convient toutefois de consid\u00e9rer cette r\u00e8gle comme un principe g\u00e9n\u00e9ral et non comme une r\u00e8gle absolue, car des nuages de poussi\u00e8res explosibles peuvent \u00e9galement se former \u00e0 l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur des \u00e9quipements \u00e0 la suite de rejets, de la remise en suspension de d\u00e9p\u00f4ts ou de dispersions secondaires.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2241\" data-end=\"2716\">Par cons\u00e9quent, la <strong data-start=\"2260\" data-end=\"2338\">concentration minimale explosible (MEC \u2013 Minimum Explosible Concentration)<\/strong> \u2014 qui peut \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme correspondant approximativement \u00e0 la limite inf\u00e9rieure d\u2019explosivit\u00e9 exprim\u00e9e en concentration massique pour les poussi\u00e8res \u2014 repr\u00e9sente d\u00e9j\u00e0 un nuage de poussi\u00e8res de densit\u00e9 optique tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9e. De telles concentrations sont donc peu susceptibles de se produire de mani\u00e8re continue ou r\u00e9guli\u00e8re dans des zones de travail normalement occup\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2718\" data-end=\"2893\">La Fig. 7.3 illustre la forte densit\u00e9 optique associ\u00e9e aux nuages de poussi\u00e8res explosibles, sur la base d\u2019une r\u00e8gle empirique attribu\u00e9e \u00e0 Intelmann et cit\u00e9e par Zehr (1965) :<\/p>\n<blockquote data-start=\"2895\" data-end=\"3090\">\n<p data-start=\"2897\" data-end=\"3090\">\u00ab <em>Consid\u00e9rez une ampoule de 25 W observ\u00e9e \u00e0 travers le nuage de poussi\u00e8res depuis une distance de 2 m. Si l\u2019ampoule n\u2019est plus visible, la concentration de poussi\u00e8res d\u00e9passe environ 40 g\/m\u00b3<\/em>. \u00bb<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p data-start=\"3092\" data-end=\"3227\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">Cette concentration est d\u00e9j\u00e0 du m\u00eame ordre de grandeur que, tout en restant inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0, la MEC de nombreuses poussi\u00e8res combustibles.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"z-0 flex min-h-[46px] justify-start\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"mt-3 w-full empty:hidden has-[&gt;_:empty]:hidden\">\n<div class=\"text-center\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1\" data-conversation-screenshot-content=\"\">\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pointer-events-none -mt-px h-px translate-y-(--scroll-root-safe-area-inset-bottom)\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        \n        \n    <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n\n    \n\n\n\n\n    \n        <section\n            data-name=\"Contenuto testuale con immagine\"\n            class=\"bow-gte-testo-media u-spacer-base\"\n            id=\"\"\n        >\n            \n<div class=\"o-text-media px-side-spacer sm:px-side-spacer-sm lg:px-side-spacer-tablet 2xl:px-side-spacer-desktop flex flex-wrap items-start md:block\">\n\n    \n        \n                    <div\n                class=\"h-auto mb-6 md:mb-4 lg:mb-8 xl:mb-9 float-left mr-6 md:mr-4 lg:mr-8 xl:mr-9  overflow-hidden shadow-content-image w-full md:w-1\/2\"\n            >\n                \n\n    \n        \n            \n                \n                    <picture\n                        class=\"\"\n                                            >\n                                                                                                        <source\n                                media=\"(max-width: 150px)\"\n                                width=\"150\"\n                                height=\"150\"\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Densita-immagine-2-150x150.png.webp\"\n                                type=\"image\/webp\"\n                            \/>\n                                                                                <source\n                                media=\"(max-width: 300px)\"\n                                width=\"300\"\n                                height=\"193\"\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Densita-immagine-2-300x193.png.webp\"\n                                type=\"image\/webp\"\n                            \/>\n                                                                                <source\n                                media=\"(max-width: 768px)\"\n                                width=\"768\"\n                                height=\"495\"\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Densita-immagine-2-768x495.png.webp\"\n                                type=\"image\/webp\"\n                            \/>\n                                                                                <source\n                                media=\"(max-width: 1024px)\"\n                                width=\"1024\"\n                                height=\"660\"\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Densita-immagine-2-1024x660.png.webp\"\n                                type=\"image\/webp\"\n                            \/>\n                                                                            <img\n                            class=\"a-image transparent border-image h-auto  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quotidienne.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":48511,"parent":0,"menu_order":108,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"tipologia_approfondimento":[162],"class_list":["post-39678","approfondimento","type-approfondimento","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tipologia_approfondimento-risque-atex"],"acf":{"sottotitolo":"Le processus d'explosion et les mati\u00e8res dangereuses","allegati":null},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Explosiveness of dust<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The explosion of dust is quite simple to imagine in terms of everyday experience. 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