{"id":39426,"date":"2023-02-21T09:44:08","date_gmt":"2023-02-21T08:44:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/?post_type=approfondimento&#038;p=39426"},"modified":"2023-08-03T09:22:49","modified_gmt":"2023-08-03T08:22:49","slug":"nec-et-le-gfci","status":"publish","type":"approfondimento","link":"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/fr\/approfondissement\/conformite-ul-et-csa\/nec-et-le-gfci\/","title":{"rendered":"NEC et le GFCI"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n    \n        <section\n            data-name=\"Contenuto testuale con immagine\"\n            class=\"bow-gte-testo-media u-spacer-base\"\n            id=\"\"\n        >\n            \n<div class=\"o-text-media px-side-spacer sm:px-side-spacer-sm lg:px-side-spacer-tablet 2xl:px-side-spacer-desktop flex flex-wrap items-start md:block\">\n\n    \n        \n                    <div\n                class=\"h-auto mb-6 md:mb-4 lg:mb-8 xl:mb-9 float-left mr-6 md:mr-4 lg:mr-8 xl:mr-9  overflow-hidden shadow-content-image w-full md:w-1\/3\"\n            >\n                \r\n\r\n    \r\n        \r\n            \r\n                \r\n                    <picture\r\n                        class=\"\"\r\n                                            >\r\n                                                                                                        <source\r\n                                media=\"(max-width: 150px)\"\r\n                                width=\"150\"\r\n                                height=\"150\"\r\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/salvavita.jpg-150x150.webp\"\r\n                                type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                            \/>\r\n                                                                                <source\r\n                                media=\"(max-width: 300px)\"\r\n                                width=\"300\"\r\n                                height=\"200\"\r\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/salvavita.jpg-300x200.webp\"\r\n                                type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                            \/>\r\n                                                                                <source\r\n                                media=\"(max-width: 400px)\"\r\n                                width=\"400\"\r\n                                height=\"266\"\r\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/salvavita.jpg.webp\"\r\n                                type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                            \/>\r\n                                                                                <source\r\n                                media=\"(max-width: 400px)\"\r\n                                width=\"400\"\r\n                                height=\"266\"\r\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/salvavita.jpg.webp\"\r\n                                type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                            \/>\r\n                                                                            <img\r\n                            class=\"a-image transparent border-image h-auto  w-full\"\r\n                                                        srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/salvavita.jpg.webp\"\r\n                                                        title=\"salvavita.jpg\"\r\n                                                        type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                        \/>\r\n                    <\/picture>\r\n\r\n                \r\n\r\n                    \r\n    \r\n            <\/div>\n        \n                    <div class=\"relative w-full\">\n                \n<div class=\"a-text font-text text-base normal mt-8 first:mt-0 space-y-4\">\n    <p>Il d\u00e9tecte si le courant circule l\u00e0 o\u00f9 il ne devrait pas (d\u00e9faut de mise \u00e0 la terre) et coupe l&rsquo;alimentation. Elle se d\u00e9clenche \u00e0 6mA (et ne doit pas se d\u00e9clencher en dessous de 4mA). Si l&rsquo;on touche un conducteur sous tension prot\u00e9g\u00e9 par un disjoncteur de fuite \u00e0 la terre, on re\u00e7oit toujours un choc, mais le disjoncteur de fuite \u00e0 la terre ouvre le circuit avant qu&rsquo;il ne devienne mortel.<\/p>\n<p>Ils sont utilis\u00e9s aux \u00c9tats-Unis et au Canada dans les salles de bains et les cuisines \u00e0 domicile, o\u00f9 ils prot\u00e8gent les personnes contre les chocs \u00e9lectriques en interrompant rapidement le circuit d\u00e8s qu&rsquo;un d\u00e9faut de mise \u00e0 la terre est d\u00e9tect\u00e9. Simple et fiable, cette technologie a permis de r\u00e9duire de moiti\u00e9 les \u00e9lectrocutions r\u00e9sidentielles aux \u00c9tats-Unis depuis qu&rsquo;elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendue obligatoire par le NEC dans les ann\u00e9es 70.<\/p>\n<p>Il en va tout autrement sur le lieu de travail. Entre 1992 et 2002, on a d\u00e9nombr\u00e9 3 348 \u00e9lectrocutions sur le lieu de travail aux \u00c9tats-Unis. Malgr\u00e9 les tensions plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es sur le lieu de travail qui augmentent le risque de choc, ce n&rsquo;est que r\u00e9cemment que la technologie des disjoncteurs de fuite \u00e0 la terre est devenue disponible pour les environnements industriels et commerciaux. Le premier disjoncteur de fuite \u00e0 la terre homologu\u00e9 UL pour les applications jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 600 V a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis sur le march\u00e9 en 2012.<\/p>\n<p>Un disjoncteur de fuite \u00e0 la terre industriel (UL l&rsquo;appelle un disjoncteur de fuite \u00e0 la terre \u00a0\u00bb \u00e0 usage sp\u00e9cial \u00ab\u00a0) fonctionne comme n&rsquo;importe quel autre, \u00e0 l&rsquo;exception de quelques diff\u00e9rences importantes. Tout d&rsquo;abord, le seuil de d\u00e9clenchement est fix\u00e9 \u00e0 20 mA, ce qui est plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 que son cousin r\u00e9sidentiel. Deuxi\u00e8mement, le disjoncteur de fuite \u00e0 la terre doit surveiller le fil de terre pour d\u00e9tecter les connexions ouvertes, de sorte que si la connexion \u00e0 la terre est perdue, le disjoncteur ouvre le circuit. Troisi\u00e8mement, un disjoncteur de fuite \u00e0 la terre industriel interrompt une puissance plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e, il doit donc \u00eatre beaucoup plus grand. Il se monte comme un panneau \u00e9lectrique ou \u00e0 l&rsquo;int\u00e9rieur d&rsquo;une armoire \u00e9lectrique existante.<\/p>\n<p>La norme UL 943C fixe le seuil de d\u00e9clenchement des disjoncteurs de fuite \u00e0 la terre industriels \u00e0 20 mA, ce qui est suffisamment bas pour assurer la protection des travailleurs contre les chocs, mais suffisamment \u00e9lev\u00e9 dans la plupart des applications pour \u00e9viter les d\u00e9clenchements intempestifs. Comme les disjoncteurs de fuite \u00e0 la terre domestiques, leur r\u00e9ponse au courant de terre suit une courbe inverse du temps ; un courant de 20 mA provoque un d\u00e9clenchement en 1 s environ (assez rapidement pour \u00e9viter les blessures \u00e0 ce niveau de courant), et des courants plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s provoquent un d\u00e9clenchement en 20 ms.<\/p>\n<p>Dans certains cas, le seuil de d\u00e9clenchement de 20 mA peut encore provoquer des d\u00e9clenchements intempestifs. Une option consiste \u00e0 utiliser un dispositif de protection contre les d\u00e9fauts \u00e0 la terre (EGFPD), qui ressemble \u00e0 un disjoncteur de fuite \u00e0 la terre, mais dont le seuil de d\u00e9clenchement est r\u00e9glable entre 6 et 50 mA. Bien que les EGFPD prot\u00e8gent les travailleurs contre les chocs, UL les classe dans une cat\u00e9gorie de protection des \u00e9quipements plut\u00f4t que des personnes.<\/p>\n<p>Il s&rsquo;agit d&rsquo;une technologie de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 qui \u00e9tait attendue depuis longtemps. Maintenant que les disjoncteurs de fuite de terre industriels homologu\u00e9s UL sont disponibles, l&rsquo;adoption d&rsquo;une telle protection va se d\u00e9velopper. Les DDFT industriels ne sont pas exig\u00e9s par le code de l&rsquo;\u00e9lectricit\u00e9, mais si l&rsquo;histoire des DDFT r\u00e9sidentiels est un mod\u00e8le, le code pourrait \u00eatre mis \u00e0 jour pour exiger des DDFT dans un plus grand nombre d&rsquo;applications industrielles.<\/p>\n<p>Nous nous attendons \u00e0 ce que les DDFT industriels soient rendus obligatoires dans l&rsquo;\u00e9dition 2014 du NEC.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Pour toute question concernant le NEC (NFPA 70) ou le CEC (C22.1), n&rsquo;h\u00e9sitez pas \u00e0 nous contacter.<\/p>\n<\/div>            <\/div>\n        \n        \n                <div class=\"clear-both\"><\/div>\n        \n\n    <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n\n    \n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Un disjoncteur de fuite \u00e0 la terre (GFCI) est l&rsquo;\u00e9quivalent am\u00e9ricain de la protection diff\u00e9rentielle \u00e0 haute sensibilit\u00e9 ou \u00ab\u00a0Salva Vita\u00a0\u00bb en italien.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":182,"featured_media":39427,"parent":0,"menu_order":110,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"tipologia_approfondimento":[163],"class_list":["post-39426","approfondimento","type-approfondimento","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tipologia_approfondimento-conformite-ul-et-csa"],"acf":{"sottotitolo":"","allegati":null},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - 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