{"id":37841,"date":"2023-02-21T09:44:08","date_gmt":"2023-02-21T08:44:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/?post_type=approfondimento&#038;p=37841"},"modified":"2023-07-10T08:44:33","modified_gmt":"2023-07-10T07:44:33","slug":"le-principe-alarp","status":"publish","type":"approfondimento","link":"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/fr\/approfondissement\/la-securite-des-machines\/le-principe-alarp\/","title":{"rendered":"Le principe Alarp"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n    \n        <section\n            data-name=\"Contenuto testuale con immagine\"\n            class=\"bow-gte-testo-media u-spacer-base\"\n            id=\"\"\n        >\n            \n<div class=\"o-text-media px-side-spacer sm:px-side-spacer-sm lg:px-side-spacer-tablet 2xl:px-side-spacer-desktop flex flex-wrap items-start md:block\">\n\n    \n        \n                    <div\n                class=\"h-auto mb-6 md:mb-4 lg:mb-8 xl:mb-9 float-left mr-6 md:mr-4 lg:mr-8 xl:mr-9  overflow-hidden shadow-content-image w-full md:w-1\/3\"\n            >\n                \r\n\r\n    \r\n        \r\n            \r\n                \r\n                    <picture\r\n                        class=\"\"\r\n                                            >\r\n                                                                                                        <source\r\n                                media=\"(max-width: 150px)\"\r\n                                width=\"150\"\r\n                                height=\"150\"\r\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/ALARP-HR-English-768x285-1-150x150.jpg.webp\"\r\n                                type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                            \/>\r\n                                                                                <source\r\n                                media=\"(max-width: 300px)\"\r\n                                width=\"300\"\r\n                                height=\"111\"\r\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/ALARP-HR-English-768x285-1-300x111.jpg.webp\"\r\n                                type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                            \/>\r\n                                                                                <source\r\n                                media=\"(max-width: 768px)\"\r\n                                width=\"768\"\r\n                                height=\"285\"\r\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/ALARP-HR-English-768x285-1.jpg.webp\"\r\n                                type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                            \/>\r\n                                                                                <source\r\n                                media=\"(max-width: 768px)\"\r\n                                width=\"768\"\r\n                                height=\"285\"\r\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/ALARP-HR-English-768x285-1.jpg.webp\"\r\n                                type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                            \/>\r\n                                                                            <img\r\n                            class=\"a-image transparent border-image h-auto  w-full\"\r\n                                                        srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/ALARP-HR-English-768x285-1.jpg.webp\"\r\n                                                        title=\"ALARP-HR-English-768&#215;285\"\r\n                                                        type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                        \/>\r\n                    <\/picture>\r\n\r\n                \r\n\r\n                    \r\n    \r\n            <\/div>\n        \n                    <div class=\"relative w-full\">\n                \n<div class=\"a-text font-text text-base normal mt-8 first:mt-0 space-y-4\">\n    <p>Le principe Alarp reconna\u00eet qu&rsquo;il existe trois grandes cat\u00e9gories de risques :<\/p>\n<p><strong>1. Risque n\u00e9gligeable :<\/strong> Largement accept\u00e9 par la plupart des gens dans leur vie quotidienne, il s&rsquo;agit notamment du risque d&rsquo;\u00eatre frapp\u00e9 par la foudre ou d&rsquo;avoir une d\u00e9faillance des freins d&rsquo;une voiture.<br \/>\n<strong>2. Risque tol\u00e9rable :<\/strong> Nous pr\u00e9f\u00e9rerions ne pas courir le risque, mais il est tol\u00e9rable compte tenu des avantages obtenus en l&rsquo;acceptant. Le co\u00fbt en inconv\u00e9nients ou en argent est mis en balance avec l&rsquo;ampleur du risque et un compromis est accept\u00e9. Cela s&rsquo;applique<br \/>\nNous acceptons que des accidents se produisent, mais nous faisons de notre mieux pour minimiser les risques de catastrophe. Cela s&rsquo;applique-t-il au saut \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9lastique ?<br \/>\n<strong>3. Risque inacceptable :<\/strong> Le niveau de risque est si \u00e9lev\u00e9 que nous ne sommes pas pr\u00eats \u00e0 le tol\u00e9rer. Les pertes d\u00e9passent de loin tous les avantages possibles de la situation.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;un des aspects difficiles de la mise en \u0153uvre du principe ALARP consiste \u00e0 d\u00e9finir les trois niveaux de risque. Voici l&rsquo;approche du HSE (Health and Safety Executive, au Royaume-Uni).<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>Le HSE estime qu&rsquo;un risque individuel de d\u00e9c\u00e8s d&rsquo;un sur un million par an pour les travailleurs et le public correspond \u00e0 un niveau de risque tr\u00e8s faible et devrait \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 comme ligne directrice pour la limite entre les r\u00e9gions largement acceptables et tol\u00e9rables.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>N\u00e9anmoins, dans notre document sur la tol\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des risques dans les centrales nucl\u00e9aires, nous avons sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 qu&rsquo;un risque individuel de d\u00e9c\u00e8s de un sur mille par an devrait \u00e0 lui seul repr\u00e9senter la ligne de d\u00e9marcation entre ce qui pourrait \u00eatre juste tol\u00e9rable pour toute cat\u00e9gorie substantielle de travailleurs pendant une grande partie de leur vie professionnelle, et ce qui est inacceptable pour tous les groupes, \u00e0 l&rsquo;exception de quelques groupes assez exceptionnels. Pour les membres du public auxquels un risque est impos\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0dans l&rsquo;int\u00e9r\u00eat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb, cette limite est jug\u00e9e inf\u00e9rieure d&rsquo;un ordre de grandeur, \u00e0 savoir 1 sur 10 000 par an.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Ce principe guide essentiellement l&rsquo;ing\u00e9nieur concepteur et le sp\u00e9cialiste de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans la d\u00e9finition d&rsquo;objectifs de risque tol\u00e9rable pour une situation dangereuse. Il s&rsquo;agit de la premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape de l&rsquo;\u00e9tablissement d&rsquo;une norme de performance pour tout syst\u00e8me de s\u00e9curit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Voici un exemple d&rsquo;application du principe ALARP.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Un objectif de co\u00fbt par vie sauv\u00e9e de 1 000 000 \u00a3 est utilis\u00e9 dans un secteur particulier. Un objectif de risque maximal tol\u00e9rable de 10<sup>-4<\/sup> pa a \u00e9t\u00e9 fix\u00e9 pour un danger particulier susceptible de causer deux d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Le syst\u00e8me propos\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9valu\u00e9 et un risque pr\u00e9dit de 8\u00d710<sup>-5<\/sup> pa a \u00e9t\u00e9 obtenu. \u00c9tant donn\u00e9 que le risque n\u00e9gligeable est de 10<sup>-6 <\/sup>pa, l&rsquo;application du principe ALARP est n\u00e9cessaire. Pour un co\u00fbt de 3 000 \u00a3, des instruments suppl\u00e9mentaires et une redondance r\u00e9duiront le risque juste au-dessus de la zone n\u00e9gligeable (2\u00d710<sup>-6<\/sup>pa). La dur\u00e9e de vie de l&rsquo;usine est de 30 ans.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Solution :<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1.000.000 \u00d7 (8\u00d710<sup>-5\u00a0<\/sup>\u2013 2\u00d710<sup>-6<\/sup>) \u00d7 2 \u00d7 30 = \u00a34680 &gt; \u00a33.000. La proposition doit donc \u00eatre adopt\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<\/div>            <\/div>\n        \n        \n                <div class=\"clear-both\"><\/div>\n        \n\n    <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n\n    \n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le principe Alarp reconna\u00eet qu&rsquo;il existe trois grandes cat\u00e9gories de risques :<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":182,"featured_media":37842,"parent":0,"menu_order":112,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"tipologia_approfondimento":[152],"class_list":["post-37841","approfondimento","type-approfondimento","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tipologia_approfondimento-la-securite-des-machines"],"acf":{"sottotitolo":"Risque n\u00e9gligeable, risque tol\u00e9rable et risque inacceptable","allegati":null},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Le principe Alarp - Gt-Engineering<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/fr\/approfondissement\/la-securite-des-machines\/le-principe-alarp\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le principe Alarp - 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