{"id":3382,"date":"2023-01-04T16:36:59","date_gmt":"2023-01-04T15:36:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/normative-tecniche\/%tipologia_normativa%\/5-general-equations-for-the-calculation-of-the-overall-system-stopping-performance-and-minimum-distances\/"},"modified":"2025-07-18T11:11:26","modified_gmt":"2025-07-18T10:11:26","slug":"5-general-equations-for-the-calculation-of-the-overall-system-stopping-performance-and-minimum-distances","status":"publish","type":"normativa_tecnica","link":"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/en\/technical-standards\/en-iso-standards\/en-iso-13855\/5-general-equations-for-the-calculation-of-the-overall-system-stopping-performance-and-minimum-distances\/","title":{"rendered":"5 &#8211;  Separation distance"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n    \n        <section\n            data-name=\"Contenuto testuale con immagine\"\n            class=\"bow-gte-testo-media u-spacer-base\"\n            id=\"\"\n        >\n            \n<div class=\"o-text-media px-side-spacer sm:px-side-spacer-sm lg:px-side-spacer-tablet 2xl:px-side-spacer-desktop flex flex-wrap items-start md:block\">\n\n    \n        \n        \n                    <div class=\"relative w-full\">\n                \n<div class=\"a-text font-text text-base normal mt-8 first:mt-0 space-y-4\">\n    <p>The protective measures must be positioned at the appropriate <strong>separation distance<\/strong> from the hazard. This distance should be calculated using the following formula:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>S=(K\u00d7T)+D<sub>DS<\/sub>+Z<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Where:<br \/>\nS: minimum separation distance, in [mm]<br \/>\nK: constant parameter, in [mm\/s]<br \/>\nT: overall system response time, in [s]<br \/>\nD<sub>DS<\/sub>: separation distance associated with a protective device, in [mm]<br \/>\nZ: supplemental distance factor, in [mm]<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The <strong>factor K<\/strong>, specifically, represents the speed of movement of the upper limbs or body of a person approaching a hazardous zone.<br \/>\nK = 2000 [mm\/s] when considering the horizontal movement of the upper limbs (hand and arm).<br \/>\nK = 1600 [mm\/s] when considering a walking speed. It does not include other body movements that may affect the actual approach speed.<br \/>\nWhen the hazard arises from the movement of the machine, a combined speed of the machine and the person should be taken into account.<\/p>\n<\/div>            <\/div>\n        \n        \n                <div class=\"clear-both\"><\/div>\n        \n\n    <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n\n    \n\n\n\n\n    \n        <section\n            data-name=\"Contenuto testuale con immagine\"\n            class=\"bow-gte-testo-media u-spacer-base\"\n            id=\"\"\n        >\n            \n<div class=\"o-text-media px-side-spacer sm:px-side-spacer-sm lg:px-side-spacer-tablet 2xl:px-side-spacer-desktop flex flex-wrap items-start md:block\">\n\n    \n        \n                    <div\n                class=\"h-auto mb-6 md:mb-4 lg:mb-8 xl:mb-9  float-right ml-6 md:ml-4 lg:ml-8 xl:ml-9 overflow-hidden shadow-content-image w-full md:w-1\/4\"\n            >\n                \r\n\r\n    \r\n        \r\n            \r\n                \r\n                    <picture\r\n                        class=\"\"\r\n                                            >\r\n                                                                                                        <source\r\n                                media=\"(max-width: 150px)\"\r\n                                width=\"150\"\r\n                                height=\"150\"\r\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/5-2-150x150.jpg.webp\"\r\n                                type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                            \/>\r\n                                                                                <source\r\n                                media=\"(max-width: 300px)\"\r\n                                width=\"300\"\r\n                                height=\"270\"\r\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/5-2-300x270.jpg.webp\"\r\n                                type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                            \/>\r\n                                                                                <source\r\n                                media=\"(max-width: 725px)\"\r\n                                width=\"725\"\r\n                                height=\"653\"\r\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/5-2.jpg.webp\"\r\n                                type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                            \/>\r\n                                                                                <source\r\n                                media=\"(max-width: 725px)\"\r\n                                width=\"725\"\r\n                                height=\"653\"\r\n                                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/5-2.jpg.webp\"\r\n                                type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                            \/>\r\n                                                                            <img\r\n                            class=\"a-image transparent border-image h-auto  w-full\"\r\n                                                        srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/5-2.jpg.webp\"\r\n                                                        title=\"5\"\r\n                                                        type=\"image\/webp\"\r\n                        \/>\r\n                    <\/picture>\r\n\r\n                \r\n\r\n                    \r\n    \r\n            <\/div>\n        \n                    <div class=\"relative w-full\">\n                \n<div class=\"a-text font-text text-base normal mt-8 first:mt-0 space-y-4\">\n    <p>Instead, the distance of achievement <strong>D<sub>DS<\/sub><\/strong> associated with an orthogonal approach to a detection zone is determined based on application issues:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>reaching over the detection zone: <strong>D<sub>DO<\/sub><\/strong><\/li>\n<li>reaching through the detection zone: <strong>D<sub>DT<\/sub><\/strong><\/li>\n<li>reaching under the detection zone:<strong> D<sub>DU<\/sub><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The largest value among these is chosen as D<sub>DS<\/sub>:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>D<sub>DS <\/sub>= max\u2061(D<sub>DO<\/sub>, D<sub>DT<\/sub>, D<sub>DU<\/sub>)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>            <\/div>\n        \n        \n                <div class=\"clear-both\"><\/div>\n        \n\n    <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n\n    \n\n\n\n\n    \n        <section\n            data-name=\"Contenuto testuale con immagine\"\n            class=\"bow-gte-testo-media u-spacer-base\"\n            id=\"\"\n        >\n            \n<div class=\"o-text-media px-side-spacer sm:px-side-spacer-sm lg:px-side-spacer-tablet 2xl:px-side-spacer-desktop flex flex-wrap items-start md:block\">\n\n    \n        \n        \n                    <div class=\"relative w-full\">\n                \n<div class=\"a-text font-text text-base normal mt-8 first:mt-0 space-y-4\">\n    <p>The <strong>overall system response time<\/strong> can be calculated or measured. It includes portions of time that vary according to the type of machine, the safety devices applied and the elements of the SRP\/CS or SCS involved in the safety function.<br \/>\nIt is determined by the following formula:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>T \u2265 t<sub>SRP\/CS<\/sub> + t<sub>ME<\/sub> + t<sub>F<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Where:<br \/>\nT: is the overall system response time used in the calculation to determine the separation distance<br \/>\nt<sub>SRP\/CS<\/sub>: is the response time of SRP\/CS or sSCS<br \/>\nt<sub>ME<\/sub>: is the response time of the machine<br \/>\nt<sub>F<\/sub>: is the time relative to a tolerance factor for the machine, if necessary<\/p>\n<\/div>            <\/div>\n        \n        \n                <div class=\"clear-both\"><\/div>\n        \n\n    <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n\n    \n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The minimum distance to the hazard zone shall be calculated by using the general Equation:\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":48598,"parent":3218,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"normative-tecniche":[57],"class_list":["post-3382","normativa_tecnica","type-normativa_tecnica","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tipologia_normativa-en-iso-standards"],"acf":{"sottotitolo":"","allegati":null},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>5 - General equations for the calculation of the overall system stopping performance and minimum distances<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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