{"id":2007,"date":"2023-02-22T11:40:20","date_gmt":"2023-02-22T10:40:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/approfondimenti\/%tipologia_approfondimento%\/fmea-fmeca-fmeda-gt-engineering\/"},"modified":"2023-04-18T09:42:56","modified_gmt":"2023-04-18T08:42:56","slug":"fmea-fmeca-fmeda-gt-engineering","status":"publish","type":"approfondimento","link":"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/en\/insights\/machinery-safety\/fmea-fmeca-fmeda-gt-engineering\/","title":{"rendered":"FMEA, FMECA and FMEDA, what are the differences?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n \n \n \n
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THE DOUBT:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

The terms FMEA<\/strong> and FMECA<\/strong> may be common among component manufacturers, however the term FMEDA<\/strong> is only known in case the manufacturer has safety components in its portfolio. What do the different acronym mean and what are the differences?<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

CONSIDERATIONS:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Failure Modes and Effect Analysis (FMEA<\/strong>) is a systematic procedure for the analysis of a system or of a component to identify the potential failure modes, their causes and effects on system performance (performance of the immediate assembly and the entire system or a process). <\/span><\/p>\n

FMEA<\/strong> is considered to be a method to identify the severity of potential failure modes and to provide an input to mitigating measures to reduce risk. In some applications however, FMEA <\/strong>also includes an estimation of the probability of occurrence of the failure modes. This enhances the analysis by providing a measure of the failure mode’s likelihood. In this respect, the FMEA<\/strong> is very similar to the FMEDA<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Application of FMEA<\/strong> is preceded by a hierarchical decomposition of the system into its more basic elements. It is useful to employ simple block diagrams to illustrate this decomposition. The analysis then starts with lowest level elements. A failure mode effect at a lower level may then become a failure cause of a failure mode of an item in the next higher level. The analysis proceeds in a bottom-up fashion until the end effect on the system is identified.<\/span><\/p>\n

FMECA<\/strong> (Failure Modes, Effects and Criticality Analysis<\/strong>), instead, is an extension to the FMEA<\/strong> to include a means of ranking the severity of the failure modes to allow prioritization of countermeasures. This is done by combining the severity measure and frequency of occurrence to produce a metric called criticality.<\/span><\/p>\n

The Failure Modes, Effects, and Diagnostic Analysis<\/strong> (FMEDA<\/strong>) is used to calculate the product random failures<\/strong>: it is an extension of the classic FMEA<\/strong> procedure. The technique was first developed for electronic devices<\/strong> but it is now used for mechanical and electro-mechanical devices as well<\/strong>. The FMEDA<\/strong> results are the different failure rates used in Functional Safety:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • λSD<\/sub><\/strong>: Safe Detected failure rate<\/span><\/li>\n
  • λSU<\/sub><\/strong>: Safe Undetected failure rate<\/span><\/li>\n
  • λDD<\/sub><\/strong>: Dangerous Detected failure rate<\/span><\/li>\n
  • λDU<\/sub><\/strong>: Dangerous Undetected failure rate<\/span><\/li>\n
  • λNE<\/sub><\/strong>: No Effect failure rate  <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    A FMEDA<\/strong> is done by examining each component in a product and, for each one, the effect of a random failure on the product is analysed. Questions asked are: will a failure in a specific resistor cause the product to fail safe, fail dangerous or lose calibration? If the serial communication line from the A\/D to the microprocessor gets shorted, how does the product respond? If this spring fractures, does that cause a dangerous or a safe failure? In this way, the failure rate of each component is analysed and the various groups are added. <\/span><\/p>\n

    The end result is therefore a product specific set of failure data that includes failure rates for each failure mode: failure rates that are detected and undetected by diagnostics, Safe Failure Fraction calculations and, often, an explanation on how to use the numbers for safety verification calculations.   <\/span><\/p>\n

    A FMEDA<\/strong> is sometimes done by the product manufacturer but, typically, it is done by third parties. <\/span><\/p>\n

    It should be emphasized that a FMEDA<\/strong> provides failure rates, failure modes and diagnostic coverage effectiveness for<\/strong> random hardware failures<\/strong>. It does not include failure rates due to “systematic”<\/strong> causes<\/strong>, including incorrect installation, inadvertent damage, incorrect calibration or any other human error.<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    CONCLUSIONS:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

    Of the three methods analysed in this article, FMEDA <\/strong>is the one used to calculate the different Failure rates of components used in Low demand mode Safety Instrumented Systems<\/strong>. Those failure rates are needed if Route 1H<\/sub>, according to IEC 61508-2, is used to assess the reliability level of a SIF.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div>\n \n \n

    <\/div>\n \n\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n \n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    THE DOUBT:<\/p>\n

    The terms FMEA and FMECA may be common among component manufacturers, however the term FMEDA is only known in case the manufacturer has safety compo…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":31288,"parent":0,"menu_order":45,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"tipologia_approfondimento":[47],"class_list":["post-2007","approfondimento","type-approfondimento","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tipologia_approfondimento-machinery-safety"],"acf":{"sottotitolo":"","allegati":null},"yoast_head":"\nFMEA, FMECA and FMEDA, what are the differences?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"THE DOUBT: The terms <strong...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gt-engineering.it\/en\/insights\/machinery-safety\/fmea-fmeca-fmeda-gt-engineering\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta 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